Mechanisms underlying sensory over-responsivity in ASD and early adversity

候选人：这是Shulamite绿色博士的K 08申请，F32博士后研究员 的加州洛杉矶（过渡到助理教授的奖励开始日期）。绿色博士的职业目标 是成为一个独立的调查员和领导者在感官过度反应（SOR）领域从一个 跨学科和跨诊断视角。这个K 08奖将为绿色博士提供必要的 培训以获得以下方面的专业知识：1）评估SOR的行为和心理生理学方法; 2）高级 大脑连接方法; 3）早期生活压力对大脑发育，行为和风险的影响 治疗精神疾病环境：导师将由苏珊·布克海默博士，米歇尔 Craske和Nim托特纳姆是尖端神经成像方法、心理生理学和 转化研究，以及早期生活压力对大脑的影响。研究和职业 发育：感觉过度反应（SOR）是一种损害性疾病，表现为对 刺激，如被触摸，衣服刮擦，或响亮的噪音。SOR在神经发育过程中普遍存在， 遗传和环境原因导致的疾病，包括超过50%的自闭症儿童 自闭症（ASD）和早期生活压力。然而，对这种疾病的潜在机制知之甚少。 在不同人群中，SOR的风险和恢复力不同，在大多数临床人群中，SOR没有得到很好的识别或治疗。 这项拟议中的研究将整合行为，心理生理学和神经影像学方法来表征 在患有ASD的年轻人和那些有早期生活压力的人中进行SOR。参与者将是28名早期生活的儿童 由于寄养（AFC），28名ASD患者和28名年龄和智商匹配的典型发展 (TD)对照组，8-16岁。本研究的目的包括：1）研究共同的和不同的行为， SOR的心理生理标志物及其与心理健康困难和社会关系的研究 2）使用功能成像（fMRI）来测试SOR是否与类似的神经功能模式有关。 AFC、ASD和TD患者感觉刺激期间的反应性、习惯性和功能连接 青年;和3）检查分散注意力的听觉刺激对反应时间的影响的组差异， 生理唤醒和情感识别过程中的功能性大脑连接。这项工作将有助于 通过促进跨学科理解SOR作为一种转诊断表型， 对改进有针对性的评估和干预的影响。这些目标与 研究领域标准（RDoC）框架以及NIMH战略计划，重点关注个人 不同人群大脑回路的差异是精神疾病风险和恢复力的来源。 这项研究将为绿色博士的职业生涯奠定基础，作为一个领先的专家在神经生物学的SOR。 研究结果将支持未来的R 01拨款，重点关注SOR的共同和不同的神经通路， 人口，以及针对特定人群的SOR识别和治疗工具的完善。

Candidate: This is a K08 application for Shulamite Green, Ph.D., an F32 postdoctoral fellow at the University of California Los Angeles (transitioning to assistant professor by the award start date). Dr. Green's career goal is to become an independent investigator and leader in the field of sensory over-responsivity (SOR) from an interdisciplinary and transdiagnostic perspective. This K08 award will provide Dr. Green with the necessary training to gain expertise in 1) behavioral and psychophysiological methods of assessing SOR; 2) advanced brain connectivity methods; and 3) the effect of early life stress on the development of brain, behavior, and risk for psychiatric disorders. Environment: Mentorship will be provided by Drs. Susan Bookheimer, Michelle Craske, and Nim Tottenham, experts in cutting-edge neuroimaging methods, psychophysiology and translational research, and the effect of early life stress on the brain, respectively. Research and Career Development: Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) is an impairing condition manifested as extreme sensitivity to stimuli such as being touched, scratchy clothing, or loud noises. SOR is pervasive across neurodevelopmental disorders with both genetic and environmental causes, including over 50% of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and those with early life stress. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms for risk and resilience to SOR across populations, and SOR is not well identified or treated in most clinical groups. The proposed study will integrate behavioral, psychophysiological, and neuroimaging methods to characterize SOR across youth with ASD and those with early life stress. Participants will be 28 children with early life stress due to adoption from foster care (AFC), 28 with ASD and 28 age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) controls, ages 8-16 years. The aims of the study include: 1) examining shared and distinct behavioral and pyschophysiological markers of SOR as well as their relation to mental health difficulties and social competence; 2) using functional imaging (fMRI) to test whether SOR is related to similar patterns of neural responsiveness, habituation, and functional connectivity during sensory stimulation in AFC, ASD, and TD youth; and 3) examining group differences in the effect of distracting auditory stimuli on reaction time, physiological arousal, and functional brain connectivity during emotion identification. This work will contribute to the field by facilitating an interdisciplinary understanding of SOR as a transdiagnostic phenotype with implications for improvement of targeted assessment and intervention. These aims are consistent with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework as well as the NIMH strategic plan to focus on individual differences in brain circuitry across diverse populations as a source of risk and resilience for mental illness. This research will lay the foundation for Dr. Green's career as a leading expert in the neurobiology of SOR. Results will support a future R01 grant focused on common and distinct neural pathways of SOR across populations, as well as the refinement of SOR identification and treatment tools to target specific populations.