Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Calcium, and Mitochondria
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Calcium, and Mitochondria
批准号:
10189721
负责人:
Michael Byrne Robinson
金额:
$50.74万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-09-15 至 2023-06-30
关键词:
AcuteAlzheimer&aposs DiseaseAstrocytesAttenuatedBackBasal metabolic rateBlood VesselsBlood flowBrainCalciumCalcium SignalingCaliberCellsChronicConsumptionCoupledCouplingDataDockingDominant-Negative MutationDynaminFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingGLAST ProteinGlucoseGlutamate TransporterGlutamatesGoalsHumanImageImpairmentInterventionIschemiaKineticsLearningMeasuresMediatingMemoryMiddle Cerebral Artery OcclusionMitochondriaMonitorMotorNervous system structureNeuraxisNeurodegenerative DisordersNeurologicNeuronsNeurotransmittersOxygenPathologyPharmacologyPositioning AttributePositron-Emission TomographyProcessProteinsPublicationsPublishingSensorySignal PathwaySignal TransductionSomatosensory CortexStimulusStrokeSynapsesTestingTimeTissuesTraumaVariantVasodilationarteriolebasedeprivationextracellulargenetic approachgenetic manipulationin vivoinhibitor/antagonistnervous system disorderneurovascularneurovascular couplingnoveloperationpost strokepresynaptic neuronspreventrelating to nervous systemresponsesensory cortextraffickingtransmission processtwo photon microscopytwo-photonvasoconstriction
中文摘要
项目摘要/摘要:
--
谷氨酸是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中最主要的兴奋性神经递质。
调节不同的神经功能,包括感觉和运动能力加工,以及学习和记忆能力。
这种兴奋性活动的旺盛需求是由血液流量的局部增加来满足的,尽管这种增加可能会增加。
在我们的生活中,血液流动是支持神经组织所需的能量的重要因素,也是传递信号的重要基础。
通过功能磁共振成像技术(FMRI)进行监测,这种影响的基础机制(S)将继续存在。
悬而未决。与其他经典的神经递质不同,这些神经递质直接被循环进入突触前神经。
终末,大多数谷氨酸被清除成星形胶质细胞,这种清除过程不是由两个Na+依赖的细胞介导的。
运输商,分别称为GLT-1和GLAST运输商(或分别称为EAAT2和EAAT1)。这两个运输商几乎没有。
星形胶质细胞在突触附近的细小突起和在星形胶质细胞上的表达均为独家表达。
我们最近发现,谷氨酸转运体、Na+/Ca2+交换器、线粒体和DNA都是有活性的。
从功能上讲,它们在星形胶质细胞的发育过程中相互作用。我们可以为我们的研究提供一个强大的、科学的技术前提。
假说认为,由于神经元细胞激活导致血液流量增加,这可能是由于谷氨酸将蛋白质输送到星形胶质细胞中。
在具体目标1中提出的研究中,我们将不使用双光子成像技术,并将其与药理学研究和遗传学研究相结合。
为了验证这一假说,我们试图通过操纵来检验这一假说,即谷氨酸和Na+/钙离子交换会增加体内的钙离子水平。
星形胶质细胞认为,这种钙离子浓度的增加是刺激引起的微动脉血压升高的必要因素。
在活体内直径增加。正常情况下,兴奋性呼吸活动会导致血液流量增加,但在某些特殊情况下不会。
我们的反应变得非常反转。在第二个具体的目标中,我们将不会测试防止线粒体死亡的假设。
对接星形胶质细胞的过程/终足的结果显示了夸张的刺激-激起的钙信号在终足和终足中的信号传递。
神经血管反应的反转。在急性中风后,血液流量的下降可以延伸到闭塞的血管以外。
血管。在具体的目标3中,我们将进一步检验这一假说,即局灶性脑缺血会导致更多的线粒体丢失。
星形胶质细胞的加工,以及夸张的刺激诱发的钙离子信号通路,在后脚、前肢和后肢的倒置。
在这些研究中,神经血管反应在半影区中的变化将不会定义一种新的影响神经元的机制。
活动会导致神经元血流量进一步增加,这将定义一种全新的调控机制,使这种反应发生逆转。
此外,还有一项研究确定了这些血液现象如何导致中风后观察到的血液流动失调。
英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system and
mediates diverse functions including sensory and motor processing, as well as learning and memory. The
energetic demand of this excitatory activity is met by a localized increase in blood flow. Although this increase
in blood flow is important to support the energy demands of neural tissue and represents the basis of the signal
monitored with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the mechanism(s) that underlie this effect remain
unresolved. Unlike other classical neurotransmitters, that are directly recycled into the presynaptic nerve
terminal, most glutamate is cleared into astrocytes. This clearance is mediated by two Na+-dependent
transporters, called GLT-1 and GLAST (or EAAT2 and EAAT1, respectively). These transporters are almost
exclusively expressed by astrocytes and enriched on fine astrocyte processes near synapses and on astrocyte
endfeet. We have recently shown that glutamate transporters, Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, and mitochondria are
functionally coupled to one another in astrocyte processes. We provide a strong scientific premise for the
hypothesis that increases in blood flow upon neuronal activation are due to glutamate transport into astrocytes.
In studies proposed in Specific Aim 1, we will use 2-photon imaging combined with pharmacologic and genetic
manipulations to test the hypothesis that glutamate transport and Na+/Ca2+ exchange increase calcium in
astrocyte endfeet and that this increase in calcium is necessary for stimulus-evoked increases in arteriole
diameter in vivo. Normally, excitatory activity causes an increase in blood flow, but under some circumstances,
the response becomes inverted. In Specific Aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that preventing mitochondria from
docking in astrocyte processes/endfeet results in exaggerated stimulus-evoked calcium signaling in endfeet and
inversion of the neurovascular response. After a stroke, decreases in blood flow extend beyond the occluded
vessel. In Specific Aim 3, we will test the hypothesis that focal ischemia results in a loss of mitochondria from
astrocyte processes, exaggerated stimulus-evoked calcium signaling in endfeet, and inversion of the
neurovascular response in the penumbra These studies will define a novel mechanism by which neuronal
activity causes an increase in neuronal blood flow, will define a novel mechanism by which this response inverts,
and a determine how these phenomena contribute to dysregulated blood flow observed after stroke.
期刊论文(1)
专著(0)
科研奖励(0)
会议论文
Administrative Core
-
批准号:10450693
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$23.56万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Administrative Core
-
批准号:10239999
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$18.91万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) at CHOP/Penn
-
批准号:10239998
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$132.38万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Administrative Core
-
批准号:10678889
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$23.56万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Regulation of glutamate transport in astrocyte subtypes and in ALS
-
批准号:9027947
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$48.56万
-
财政年份:2015
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Analytical Neurochemistry: Core D
-
批准号:9054633
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$19.12万
-
财政年份:2015
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
-
批准号:8678737
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.27万
-
财政年份:2012
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
-
批准号:8520412
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$35.36万
-
财政年份:2012
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Calcium, and Mitochondria
-
批准号:9518087
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$54.61万
-
财政年份:2012
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Astroglial Glutamate Transporters, Energetics, and Mitochondria
-
批准号:8401743
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.64万
-
财政年份:2012
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Analytical Neurochemistry and Spectroscopy Core
-
批准号:8038873
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$22.74万
-
财政年份:2010
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
CORE--ANALYTIC NEUROCHEMISTRY AND SPECTROSCOPY CORE
-
批准号:7670396
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$25.53万
-
财政年份:2008
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
New Perspectives in Transporter Biology (FASEB Conference)
-
批准号:7000973
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$4.04万
-
财政年份:2005
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
ANIMAL MODELS OF ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE DEFICIENCY
-
批准号:6217849
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$14.69万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Trafficking of a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAC1
-
批准号:7367901
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$32.76万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
TRAFFICKING OF A NEURONAL GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER, EXCITAT
-
批准号:2893319
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$27.76万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Trafficking of a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAC1
-
批准号:7027708
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$33.74万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
TRAFFICKING OF A NEURONAL GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER, EAAC1
-
批准号:6394193
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$29.48万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
TRAFFICKING OF A NEURONAL GLUTAMATE TRANSPORTER, EAAC1
-
批准号:6188296
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$31.23万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位:
Trafficking of a Neuronal Glutamate Transporter, EAAC1
-
批准号:6922596
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.97万
-
财政年份:1999
-
负责人:Michael Byrne Robinson
-
依托单位: