The influence of community and family protective processes on neurocognitive systems associated with early-onset drug use: An investigation of rural southern youth

项目摘要 拟议的职业发展申请为Assaf Oshri博士提供研究培训， 帮助他过渡到独立。Oshri博士建议研究培训的重点是 研究神经认知机制，将暴露与相关的环境压力源联系起来 在资源贫乏的农村环境中长大的青少年吸毒。一个新兴 然而，行为科学家的共识表明，“下一代”的 研究人员将拥有跨学科教育的优势，将行为和 生物专业知识。特别是，认知神经科学的观点和方法， 提供了一个强有力的Vantage位置，从调查的影响，语境压力， 发展和青年吸毒。特别是功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）， 产生与从行为测量获得的信息互补的信息， 促进对吸毒病因学的新认识。奥什里博士的长期目标是 对易成瘾人群中吸毒病因的了解 由于暴露于压力环境的历史，并参与翻译本 将知识转化为有效的干预措施。他的近期目标（5年）是提交一份有竞争力的 R01申请NIDA对农村青年进行前瞻性研究， 神经认知和心理社会途径，通过暴露于环境压力影响 早期吸毒拟议的研究培训经验旨在发展 （a）神经认知研究的概念和经验基础，（B） 功能磁共振成像方法，包括设计，实施，数据分析和测试假设，（c） 社区和家庭一级风险和保护程序的概念化和评估 与农村环境有关，和（d）花岗岩。与正式和 非正式教育经历：农村青年融入社会的两年前瞻性调查 功能磁共振成像和心理社会风险和保护过程的多层次背景评估是 提出了在这项研究中，奥什里博士测试了一个发展假说，即风险决策 制造代表了对资源贫乏的养育环境的神经认知适应。这 主要研究证明旨在提供培训重点和初步数据， 支持竞争性R01应用程序。

Project Summary The proposed career development application provides research training for Dr. Assaf Oshri to facilitate his transition to independence. Dr. Oshri proposed research training focuses on investigating neurocognitive mechanisms linking exposure to contextual stressors associated with growing up in resource poor rural environments to adolescent drug use. An emerging consensus among behavioral scientists, however, indicates that the “next generation” of researchers will have the advantage of a transdisciplinary education, integrating behavioral and biological expertise. In particular, perspectives and methods from cognitive neuroscience are providing a powerful vantage point from which to investigate the effects of contextual stress on development and youth drug use. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), in particular, generates information complementary to that which is obtained from behavioral measures, fostering new insights into the etiology of drug use. Dr. Oshri’s long-term goal is to advance understanding of the etiology of drug use among populations who are vulnerable to addiction due to a history of exposure to stressful environments and participate in the translation of this knowledge into effective interventions. His near term goal (5 years) is to submit a competitive R01 application to NIDA to conduct a prospective study of rural youth investigating the neurocognitive and psychosocial pathways through which exposure to contextual stress affects early onset drug use. The proposed research training experience is designed to develop competencies in (a) the conceptual and empirical foundations of neurocognitive research, (b) fMRI methods including design, implementation, data analysis, and testing hypotheses, (c) conceptualizing and assessing community and family level risk and protective processes associated with rural environments, and (d) grantsmanship. In conjunction with formal and informal educational experiences, a two-year prospective investigation of rural youth integrating fMRI and multilevel contextual assessments of psychosocial risk and protective process is proposed. In this research Dr. Oshri tests the developmental hypothesis that risky decision making represents a neurocognitive adaptation to resource poor rearing environments. This proof-of-principal study is designed to provide a focus for training as well as preliminary data to support a competitive R01 application.