Developing and testing health warning labels on the ENDS device

开发和测试END的健康警告 项目总结 电子尼古丁输送系统(电子烟或电子烟)的使用已达到#年的流行水平。 美国的年轻人。烟头会释放有毒物质，包括尼古丁，它会不可逆转地影响 年轻人大脑发育导致依赖并增加开始吸烟的风险，但 人们对它们的安全性的误解很普遍。因此，健康传播的目的与风险相关 通过健康警告标签(HWL)已被领先的健康和监管部门视为优先事项 美国的机构，以减少年轻人的末端使用。我们已经开发并初步测试了一个临床实验室 模型，以考察图画HWL对年轻(21-29岁)终端用户体验的潜在影响。在这 建议，我们将使用此模型结合系统开发的END图形化HWL来测试其 当它们被放置在设备上时，对各种主观因素(如满足感、伤害感知、尼古丁)的影响 依赖、戒烟意向)和客观结果(如血浆尼古丁、烟尘形态)。这将是 分三个阶段完成。首先，我们将回顾文献并开发候选消息及其关联 HWL图片(n=45)。这组最初的HWL随后将通过德尔福研究进行修订和排名 在烟草控制、监管和健康传播专家中。第二，我们将开展专题小组 对于年轻终端(21-29岁)用户，使候选HWL适应我们的目标人群和设备本身。 第三，我们将在临床实验室交叉研究中测试END设备上的HWL，其中每个受试者都使用END 在两次会议中；1)他们的首选产品没有HWL(对照)，2)他们的首选产品带图片 终端设备上的HWL。这个设计将允许我们测试我们的主要假设；与对照相比，使用 以HWL结尾与满意度降低、依赖抑制和气喘吁吁相关 行为，但增加了对危害和戒烟意图的了解。该项目将引导政策制定者 为目标应用有效的HWL，并将编制警告信息和图片，以满足国家和 国家利益攸关方可以通过不同的方式在反营销活动中保护年轻人 并阻止有害目的的使用。

Developing and Testing Health Warnings for ENDS PROJECT SUMMARY The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) has reached epidemic levels among young people in the United States (US). ENDS emit toxic substances, including nicotine that irreversibly affects youth’s developing brain leading to dependence and increased risk of cigarette smoking initiation, yet misperceptions about their safety are widespread. Therefore, health communication of ENDS-related risks through Health Warning Labels (HWLs) has been considered as a priority by leading health and regulatory bodies in the US to reduce ENDS use among young people. We have developed and pilot-tested a clinical lab model to examine the potential effects of pictorial HWLs on young (21-29 yrs) ENDS users’ experiences. In this proposal, we will use this model coupled with a systematic development of ENDS pictorial HWLs to test their effect when they are placed on the device on a variety of subjective (e.g. satisfaction, harm perception, nicotine dependence, intention to quit) and objective outcomes (e.g. plasma nicotine, puff topography). This will be done in three stages. First, we will review the literature and develop candidate messages and their associated pictures for the HWLs (n=45). This initial set of HWLs will then be revised and ranked through a Delphi study among tobacco control, regulation, and health communication experts. Second, we will conduct focus groups with young ENDS (21-29 yrs) users to adapt the candidate HWLs to our target population and device itself. Third, we will test HWLs on the ENDS device in a clinical lab cross-over study, where each subject uses ENDS in 2 sessions; 1) their preferred product without HWL (control), and 2) their preferred product with pictorial HWL on the ENDS device. This design will allow us to test our main hypothesis; compared to control, using ENDS with the HWLs is associated with decreased satisfaction, dependence suppression, and puffing behavior, but increased knowledge about harm and intention to quit. This project will guide policymakers into the application of effective HWLs for ENDS and will develop warning messages and pictorials that national and state stakeholders can use through different modalities in counter-marketing campaigns to protect young people and discourage harmful ENDS use.