Visuocortical Dynamics of Affect-Biased Attention in the Development of Adolescent Depression

项目摘要 抑郁症是全球疾病负担的主要贡献者，并且抑郁症的发病率迅速增加 青春期，尤其是女孩。情感偏向注意是一种假定的机制， 青少年抑郁症也可能是干预的目标。为了更好地了解实验 治疗学，该建议测试了视觉皮层动力学的机制模型，其作用是 使用风险富集的青春期女孩样本， 基线时无重度抑郁症史（n = 90）。该提案将使用稳态视觉诱发电位 （SSVEP），来自EEG，以提供对竞争视觉的注意力的时间敏感的生物指标。 在视觉皮层的神经元群体的水平上的刺激。候选人建议增加 刺激驱动的注意力分散的负面刺激（评估使用SSVEP作为一种新的视觉皮层 探针），这发生在牺牲目标导向的注意任务相关的刺激，作为一种机制 青少年抑郁症的前兆。该研究将使用重复测量的多波 抑郁症状评估和情感偏向注意的SSVEP指数。一个试点实验 操纵将测试一种新的真实的时间SSVEP神经反馈训练，以目标情感偏见的注意。我们 假设SSVEP情感偏向注意指数将表征基线时抑郁症状 (Aim 1）和预测未来的抑郁症状（目的2）和真实的时间SSVEP神经反馈训练将 改善情感偏向的注意力和缓冲情绪反应（目标3）。在K23中，候选人将 通过获得以下方面的额外培训，扩大她在抑郁症脆弱性模型方面的坚实基础：1） 发展认知情感神经科学，2）神经生理学和高级SSVEP分析，3） 纵向数据分析，和4）实验疗法。纽约大学精神病学系 匹兹堡提供了最佳的科学培训环境，以满足这些职业发展目标。的 候选人的导师（普赖斯博士、西尔克博士和索尔兹伯里博士）和顾问（阿卡卡亚博士、艾扬格博士、拉杜瑟尔博士、 Pine和Young）非常适合指导候选人的培训，因为他们在 青年抑郁症的神经科学，神经生理学，纵向高风险设计和实验 治疗学（包括神经反馈概念和方法的专业知识）。该提案将告知 设计较大的R系列赠款，将测试，例如，如果SSVEP指数的影响偏向注意预测 青少年内化障碍的发生以及是否可以使用真实的SSVEP神经反馈训练 个性化干预/预防。拟议的K23将为候选人调查机制做好准备 青少年抑郁症，并定位她与必要的技能，以针对这些机制的治疗。 这项研究计划有可能通过提高对青少年的识别来推动这一领域的发展。 抑郁症的高风险，并在关键的发展窗口期确定干预的机械目标。 ! !

PROJECT SUMMARY Depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, and rates of depression increase rapidly during adolescence, particularly for girls. Affect-biased attention is a putative mechanism underlying adolescent depression that may also represent a target for intervention. To better inform experimental therapeutics, this proposal tests a mechanistic model of the visuocortical dynamics underlying the role of affect-biased attention in the development of depression using a risk-enriched sample of adolescent girls with no history of major depression at baseline (n = 90). The proposal will use steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), derived from EEG, to provide a temporally-sensitive biological index of attention to competing visual stimuli at the level of neuronal populations in the visual cortex. The candidate proposes that increased stimulus-driven attention to distracting negative stimuli (assessed using SSVEPs as a novel visuocortical probe), which occurs at the expense of goal-directed attention to task-relevant stimuli, serves as a mechanistic precursor in the development of adolescent depression. The study will use a repeated-measures multi-wave assessment of depressive symptoms and SSVEP indices of affect-biased attention. A pilot experimental manipulation will test a novel real time SSVEP neurofeedback training to target affect-biased attention. We hypothesize that SSVEP indices of affect-biased attention will characterize depressive symptoms at baseline (Aim 1) and predict future depressive symptoms (Aim 2) and that real time SSVEP neurofeedback training will ameliorate affect-biased attention and buffer mood reactivity (Aim 3). In the proposed K23, the candidate will expand on her strong foundation in vulnerability models of depression by gaining additional training in: 1) developmental cognitive-affective neuroscience, 2) neurophysiology and advanced SSVEP analysis, 3) longitudinal data analysis, and 4) experimental therapeutics. The Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh provides the optimal scientific training environment to meet these career development goals. The candidate's mentors (Drs. Price, Silk, and Salisbury) and consultants (Drs. Akcakaya, Iyengar, Ladouceur, Pine, and Young) are ideally suited to guide the candidate's training given their combined expertise in the neuroscience of youth depression, neurophysiology, longitudinal high risk designs, and experimental therapeutics (including expertise in neurofeedback concepts and methods). This proposal will inform the design of larger R series grants that will test, for example, if SSVEP indices of affect-biased attention predict the onset of youth internalizing disorders and if real time SSVEP neurofeedback training can be used in personalized intervention/prevention. The proposed K23 will prepare the candidate to investigate mechanisms of adolescent depression and position her with the requisite skills to target these mechanisms therapeutically. This program of research has the potential to advance the field by improving the identification of adolescents at high risk for depression and identifying mechanistic targets of intervention during key developmental windows. ! !