Visuocortical Dynamics of Affect-Biased Attention in the Development of Adolescent Depression

项目总结 抑郁症是全球疾病负担的主要贡献者，抑郁症的发病率迅速上升 在青春期，特别是对女孩来说。情感偏向注意是一种潜在的机制 青春期抑郁症也可能是干预的目标。为了更好地向试验性 治疗学，这项建议测试了一个机制模型的视觉皮质动力学潜在的作用 对患有抑郁症的青春期女孩进行风险丰富的样本研究，发现情绪偏向关注抑郁症的发展 基线时(n=90)无严重抑郁症病史。该提案将使用稳态视觉诱发电位 (SSVEP)，源于EEG，提供了对竞争视觉的注意力的时间敏感的生物学指标 在视觉皮层神经元群体水平上的刺激。候选人提议增加 刺激驱动对分散注意力的负面刺激的注意(使用SSVEP作为一种新的视觉皮质测试方法进行评估 探测)，这是以牺牲对任务相关刺激的目标定向注意为代价的，起着机械论的作用 青春期抑郁症发生的先兆。这项研究将使用重复测量的多波 情绪偏向注意的抑郁症状和SSVEP指数的评估。试验性试验 操作将测试一种新的实时SSVEP神经反馈训练，以瞄准情感偏向注意。我们 假设情感偏向注意的SSVEP指数将在基线时表征抑郁症状 (目标1)和预测未来的抑郁症状(目标2)和实时SSVEP神经反馈训练将 改善情感偏向的注意力和缓冲情绪反应性(目标3)。在拟议的K23中，候选人将 通过获得以下方面的额外培训，扩展她在抑郁症易感性模型方面的坚实基础：1) 发展认知-情感神经科学，2)神经生理学和高级SSVEP分析，3) 纵向数据分析；4)实验治疗学。加州大学精神病学系 匹兹堡为实现这些职业发展目标提供了最佳的科学培训环境。这个 候选人的导师(普莱斯、西尔克和索尔兹伯里博士)和顾问(Akcakaya、Iyengar、Ladouceur博士、 Pine和Young)非常适合指导候选人的培训，因为他们在 青年抑郁症的神经科学、神经生理学、纵向高风险设计和实验 治疗学(包括神经反馈概念和方法方面的专业知识)。这项建议将告知 设计更大的R系列奖赏，例如，测试SSVEP情感偏向注意力指数是否预测 青少年内化障碍的发病情况以及SSVEP神经反馈训练是否可用于 个性化干预/预防。拟议的K23将为候选人调查机制做好准备 治疗青春期抑郁症，并使她具备针对这些机制进行治疗所需的技能。 这项研究计划有可能通过改善青少年在以下方面的识别能力来推动该领域的发展 抑郁症的高风险，并在关键的发展窗口确定干预的机械性目标。 好了！ 好了！

PROJECT SUMMARY Depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, and rates of depression increase rapidly during adolescence, particularly for girls. Affect-biased attention is a putative mechanism underlying adolescent depression that may also represent a target for intervention. To better inform experimental therapeutics, this proposal tests a mechanistic model of the visuocortical dynamics underlying the role of affect-biased attention in the development of depression using a risk-enriched sample of adolescent girls with no history of major depression at baseline (n = 90). The proposal will use steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), derived from EEG, to provide a temporally-sensitive biological index of attention to competing visual stimuli at the level of neuronal populations in the visual cortex. The candidate proposes that increased stimulus-driven attention to distracting negative stimuli (assessed using SSVEPs as a novel visuocortical probe), which occurs at the expense of goal-directed attention to task-relevant stimuli, serves as a mechanistic precursor in the development of adolescent depression. The study will use a repeated-measures multi-wave assessment of depressive symptoms and SSVEP indices of affect-biased attention. A pilot experimental manipulation will test a novel real time SSVEP neurofeedback training to target affect-biased attention. We hypothesize that SSVEP indices of affect-biased attention will characterize depressive symptoms at baseline (Aim 1) and predict future depressive symptoms (Aim 2) and that real time SSVEP neurofeedback training will ameliorate affect-biased attention and buffer mood reactivity (Aim 3). In the proposed K23, the candidate will expand on her strong foundation in vulnerability models of depression by gaining additional training in: 1) developmental cognitive-affective neuroscience, 2) neurophysiology and advanced SSVEP analysis, 3) longitudinal data analysis, and 4) experimental therapeutics. The Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pittsburgh provides the optimal scientific training environment to meet these career development goals. The candidate's mentors (Drs. Price, Silk, and Salisbury) and consultants (Drs. Akcakaya, Iyengar, Ladouceur, Pine, and Young) are ideally suited to guide the candidate's training given their combined expertise in the neuroscience of youth depression, neurophysiology, longitudinal high risk designs, and experimental therapeutics (including expertise in neurofeedback concepts and methods). This proposal will inform the design of larger R series grants that will test, for example, if SSVEP indices of affect-biased attention predict the onset of youth internalizing disorders and if real time SSVEP neurofeedback training can be used in personalized intervention/prevention. The proposed K23 will prepare the candidate to investigate mechanisms of adolescent depression and position her with the requisite skills to target these mechanisms therapeutically. This program of research has the potential to advance the field by improving the identification of adolescents at high risk for depression and identifying mechanistic targets of intervention during key developmental windows. ! !