Emerging relations between attention and negative affect in the first two years of life

生命头两年注意力与负面情绪之间的新关系

• 批准号: 9673285
• 负责人: Kristin A Buss
• 金额: $ 21.74万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-07 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9673285
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Age-Months; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Biological; Biological Markers; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Complex; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Effectiveness; Electroencephalogram; Environment; Eye; Foundations; Growth; Heart; Individual; Individual Differences; Infant; Life; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Negative Valence; Parents; Pattern; Physiological; Play; Population; Predisposing Factor; Predisposition; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychosocial Stress; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Research Personnel; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Marker; Role; Shapes; Sinus Arrhythmia; Site; Social Functioning; Stimulus; Symptoms; System; Temperament; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Visual attention; Withdrawal; Work; anxious; anxious behavior; attentional bias; biopsychosocial; cognitive system; contextual factors; design; emotion regulation; experience; infancy; information processing; maternal anxiety; negative affect; neural circuit; psychosocial; relating to nervous system; respiratory; response; social; stressor; symptomatology; trait

Project Summary The adult and child clinical literature suggests that individuals who are clinically anxious or have high levels of trait anxiety show attention biases to threat. In addition, when these attention biases are experimentally manipulated in the lab, researchers can exacerbate or ameliorate levels of anxious thought and behavior. This has led researchers to argue that attention biases to threat may cause anxiety. However, the degree to which threat-related attention bias represents a down-stream result of ongoing anxiety or an early-emerging predisposing factor implicated in the risk for the development of anxiety disorders remains unclear. The studies highlighting the effectiveness of attention manipulation take a mechanistic view of the relation between attention and affect and are important proof of concept. However, they cannot elucidate how these information-processing biases actually develop over the course of childhood. Affect biased attention, the predisposition to preferentially attend to affective stimuli, may “tune” initial attentional filters to seek out and identify threat, biasing subsequent information processing and behavioral enactment and serving as a foundational form of emotion regulation. Anxious adults and children show attention biases to threat, early temperament is associated with elevated levels of negative affect and anxiety, and normative patterns of preferential attention to threat are evident as early as the first year of life. However, we know little concerning how these inter-relations appear and change over time since much of the attention-affect literature (1) has focused on adult clinically-defined populations, (2) does not systematically assess both constructs across multiple tasks and contexts, and (3) rarely takes a developmental view that examines core mechanisms as they emerge in infancy and differentiate between normative patterns and patterns associated with specific risk factors. The current longitudinal study will employ three eye-tracking tasks that capture core components of attention in infants assessed at five time-points from 4 to 24 months of age. In addition, we will implement a rich assessment of temperamental negative affect, which is associated with the later emergence of anxiety and social withdrawal. Finally, we will assess known biopsychosocial markers of risk that probe neural (EEG), and parasympathetic (RSA) mechanisms. We will also examine moderating parent-centered mechanisms of socioemotional development. This line of research reflects the focus in the Research Domain Criteria on integrating multilevel mechanisms by examining response to potential threat (negative valence systems), attention patterns (cognitive systems) and early patterns of affect across varying socioemotional contexts (negative valence systems and social processes). We also go to the heart of NIMH's Objective 2, by characterizing trajectories of neural and behavioral development in order to identify clinically useful indicators of change across illness trajectories.

项目摘要 成人和儿童临床文献表明，临床焦虑或高水平焦虑的个体 特质焦虑对威胁存在注意偏向。此外，当这些注意力偏差被实验性地 通过在实验室中的操纵，研究人员可以加剧或改善焦虑的思想和行为水平。这 这使得研究人员认为，对威胁的注意力偏见可能会导致焦虑。然而， 与威胁相关的注意力偏差代表了持续焦虑的下游结果或早期出现的 与焦虑症发展风险有关的诱发因素尚不清楚。研究 强调注意力操纵的有效性， 注意力和情感，是概念的重要证明。然而，他们无法解释这些 信息处理偏见实际上是在童年时期形成的。影响有偏见的注意力， 倾向于优先注意情感刺激，可能会“调整”最初的注意力过滤器，以寻找和 识别威胁，使随后的信息处理和行为制定产生偏差，并作为 情绪调节的基本形式。焦虑的成年人和儿童对威胁表现出注意偏向， 气质与负性情感和焦虑水平的升高有关， 对威胁的优先关注早在生命的第一年就很明显。然而，我们对它知之甚少。 这些相互关系是如何出现的，并随着时间的推移而变化，因为许多注意力影响文献（1）已经 关注成人临床定义人群，（2）未系统评估两种结构 多任务和背景，（3）很少采取发展的观点，审查核心机制， 它们出现在婴儿期，并区分规范模式和与特定风险相关的模式 因素目前的纵向研究将采用三个眼动跟踪任务，捕捉核心组成部分， 在4至24个月大的五个时间点评估婴儿的注意力。此外，我们会推行一项 丰富的评估气质的负面影响，这是与后来出现的焦虑和 社交退缩最后，我们将评估已知的探测神经（EEG）的生物心理社会风险标志物， 副交感神经（RSA）机制。我们还将研究以父母为中心的调节机制， 社会情感发展这一系列研究反映了研究领域标准的重点 通过检查对潜在威胁的反应来整合多级机制（负价系统）， 注意力模式（认知系统）和不同社会情感背景下的早期情感模式 （负价系统和社会过程）。我们也去NIMH的目标2的核心，通过 表征神经和行为发育的轨迹，以确定临床上有用的指标 疾病轨迹的变化。