Risk and Protective Factors for E-cigarettes Among Adolescents, Young-Adults, and Adults and Across Two Generations

修改项目摘要/摘要部分 这项为期3年的R 01提案将研究电子烟（e-cig）使用者的社会发展和人口统计学风险和保护因素，探索电子烟和传统香烟（香烟）的共同使用，并调查电子烟使用和规范的代际传递。分析将1）确定哪些风险和保护因素最能预测青少年，年轻人和成年人使用电子烟，探索这些因素与烟草风险因素以及性别和种族的差异; 2）研究烟草制品和电子烟的相互作用，研究吸烟是否会导致电子烟，反之亦然，它们是否会阻碍吸烟者戒烟的尝试，以及使用电子烟是否与对烟草的更积极规范有关;以及3）探索父母电子烟使用和规范与儿童使用电子烟和香烟的积极规范以及对儿童使用其他物质构成风险的程度。拟议的项目特别适合实现这些目标。它建立在三个现有的纵向研究：西雅图社会发展项目（SSDP），代际项目（TIP）和社区青年发展研究（CYDS）。SSDP参与者（n = 808）自10岁（1985年）以来一直被跟踪，并接受了14次采访。在39岁（2014年）收集的最新数据包括电子烟使用的措施。TIP自2002年以来使用加速纵向设计（1 - 28岁儿童，N = 315在10-20岁青春期接受采访）跟踪了SSDP参与者，他们已经成为父母，他们的第一个孩子和另一个照顾者（N = 412个家庭）。父母和孩子已经接受了八次采访;另外两波数据，包括电子烟项目，将在2017 - 2018年收集（单独资助）。CYDS是一个纵向小组的青年（n = 4 407;对照组n = 2 002）从2003年开始，来自7个州的24个社区。参与者从10岁到23岁（2016年）接受了10次采访。21岁和23岁的数据包含电子烟模块。拟议的项目以社会发展模式为依据，并从文献中积累了有关烟草使用的风险和保护因素的知识。目前的研究带来了跨越多个发展阶段的纵向调查，前瞻性地测量了烟草使用史，以及研究电子烟使用和规范代际传递的能力。来自这三个数据集的数据将深入了解电子烟用户的可识别特征，他们对青少年（TIP儿童），年轻人（CYDS）和成年人（SSDP，TIP父母）烟草使用的影响，以及父母和儿童电子烟使用（TIP）之间的关系。通过使用现有的纵向研究，目前的提案是创新的，具有成本效益和时间效益，并且具有独特的优势，可以快速解决我们对电子烟理解的关键差距。这项研究的结果将产生可行的预防目标，并对政策和监管产生直接影响。

Modified Project Summary/Abstract Section This 3-year R01 proposal will examine socio-developmental and demographic risk and protective factors that characterize e-cigarette (e-cig) users, explore the concomitant use of e-cig and conventional cigarettes (cigarettes), and investigate intergenerational transmission of e-cig use and norms. Analyses will 1) identify which risk and protective factors are most predictive of e-cig use among adolescents, young adults, and adults, explore how these factors differ from tobacco risk factors and by gender and ethnicity; 2) examine the interplay of tobacco products and e-cigs, examine whether cigarette use leads to e-cig and vice versa, whether they hinder cessation attempts among smokers, and whether using e-cigs is associated with more positive norms toward tobacco; and 3) explore the degree to which parent e-cig use and norms are associated with child use and positive norms for e-cigs and cigarettes, and pose a risk for child use of other substances. The proposed project is uniquely suited to address these aims. It builds on three existing longitudinal studies: The Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP), The Intergenerational Project (TIP), and the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS). SSDP participants (n = 808) have been followed since age 10 (1985) and have been interviewed 14 times. The most recent data collection at age 39 (2014) included measures of e-cig use. TIP has followed SSDP participants who have become parents, their first-born child, and another caregiver (N = 412 families) since 2002 using an accelerated longitudinal design (child age 1 – 28 years, N = 315 have been interviewed during adolescence between ages 10-20). Parents and children have been interviewed eight times; two additional waves of data, including e-cig items, will be collected in 2017 - 2018 (funded separately). CYDS is a longitudinal panel of youth (n = 4,407; control group n = 2,002) from 24 communities across seven states which began in 2003. Participants have been interviewed 10 times from ages 10 through 23 (2016). Data at ages 21 and 23 contain e-cig modules. The proposed project is informed by the Social Development Model and accumulated knowledge about the risk and protective factors for tobacco use from the literature. The current study brings needed longitudinal investigations that span multiple developmental periods, prospectively measured tobacco use history, and the ability to look at the intergenerational transmission of e-cig use and norms. Data from these three datasets will provide insight into identifiable characteristics of e-cig users, their impact on tobacco use among adolescents (TIP children), young adults (CYDS), and adults (SSDP, TIP parents), as well as the relationship between parent and child e-cig use (TIP). By using existing longitudinal studies, the current proposal is innovative, cost-and time-effective, and is uniquely positioned to rapidly address critical gaps in our understanding of e-cigs. Findings form this study will yield viable targets for prevention and direct implications for policy and regulation.