SARS-CoV-2 signaling and interactions with stimulant drugs of abuse via Sigma-1R: Impact on the BBB

引起COVID-10的SARS-CoV-2病毒影响了 包括中枢神经系统在内的多个器官系统。神经系统症状出现在大约 三分之一的COVID-19患者和病毒已在脑组织中发现。SARS-CoV-2用途 血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE 2）位于细胞表面，用于进入细胞， 该病毒的蛋白是ACE 2的关键识别元件。ACE 2由血管内皮细胞表达， 包括血脑屏障（BBB）的脑血管系统，血脑屏障是进入脑血管系统的主要屏障。 病原体和毒素进入中枢神经系统最近，SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白已被证明可以改变血脑屏障 功能使用体外模型系统。许多滥用药物，包括精神兴奋剂， 也影响BBB功能。因此，很可能SARS-CoV-e感染存在 精神兴奋剂可导致BBB的更大损伤，进一步增加屏障通透性， 导致CNS损伤。因此，研究SARSCoV- 2和刺激剂对血脑屏障是必要的。

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-10, impacts multiple organ systems including the central nervous system. Neurological symptoms are seen in about one third of COVID-19 patients and the virus has been found in brain tissue. SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) located on cell surfaces for entry into cells, and the spike protein of the virus is the key recognition element for ACE2. ACE2 is expressed by endothelial cells of the cerebral vasculature that comprise the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the main barrier to entry of pathogens and toxins into the CNS. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been shown to alter BBB function using in vitro model systems. Many drugs of abuse, including psychostimulants, negatively impact BBB function as well. Therefore, it is likely that SARS-CoV-e infection in the presence of psychostimulants could result in greater damage ot the BBB, further increasing barrier permeability and resulting in CNS injury. Thus, investigation of the mechanisms underlying the interactions of SARSCoV- 2 and stimulants on the BBB is needed.