Emotional responses styles and well-being ten years later: A multimodal comparison across the lifespan

项目概要/摘要。衰老的特点往往是身体和认知健康的下降。一 似乎没有遵循这一轨迹的领域是幸福。老年人的特点往往是 幸福水平，或“最佳心理功能和体验”，这一发现被称为 衰老的"悖论"幸福感还与人们对情感事件的反应有关（即，情感 反应风格），但记录情绪反应风格如何与年龄相关的研究并不确定。 自我报告的情绪反应方式和年龄的研究表明，更好的配置文件中的老年群体， 在这里，年龄与遇到压力源后负面情绪的小幅增加有关。实验室研究， 另一方面，表现出没有年龄差异的情绪反应风格或适应性较低的配置文件， 年龄现有的研究局限于对消极（而不是积极）事件的情绪反应 以及对这些事件的初始反应性（但不是恢复）。拟议的研究将试图调和 通过研究33岁到84岁之间的成年人的情绪反应方式， 同时和纵向（10年后）幸福使用多模态情绪评估。数据从 美国中年研究的第二波和第三波将用于比较三种有效性 在预测纵向幸福感中评估情绪反应方式的方法：自我报告的情绪 在8天的日记研究中，在每日压力源和每日提升发生后;面部肌电图（面部 肌电图）对消极和积极图片的情绪反应指标;以及杏仁核和 在功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）过程中，在观察阴性和阳性图片时，观察纹状体。 对情绪事件的初始反应（压力源/提升，消极图片/积极图片）将被检查为 以及从情绪事件中恢复（即，恢复到基线水平所需的时间）。拟议 项目旨在研究1）消极的个体差异; 2）积极的情绪反应风格 在日常生活中，面部肌电图和功能磁共振成像与10年后的幸福感有关，作为年龄的函数; 3）检查如何 年龄与日常生活中情绪反应方式的个体差异之间的相互作用，面部肌电图， 功能性磁共振成像与10年内幸福感变化有关。研究员的培训将在中心进行， 健康的头脑在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校，并将支持专家在情感 神经科学、面部肌电图分析和功能磁共振成像分析。培训计划包括旨在加强 研究员对神经生物学基础的理论理解和方法技能 情感反应方式以及专业发展。拟议研究的结果表明， 随着人们年龄的增长，有可能为维持和改善情绪健康和幸福的努力提供信息。

Project Summary/Abstract. Aging is often characterized by declines in physical and cognitive health. One domain that does not seem to follow this trajectory is well-being. Older age is often characterized by higher levels of well-being, or “optimal psychological functioning and experience”, a finding that has been termed the “paradox” of aging. Well-being is also related to how people respond to emotional events (i.e., emotional response styles), but the research documenting how emotional response styles relate to age is inconclusive. Self-report studies of emotional response styles and aging demonstrate better profiles among older cohorts, where age is related to smaller increases in negative affect after encountering stressors. Lab studies, on the other hand, demonstrate either no age differences in emotional response styles or less adaptive profiles with age. The existing research is limited by a focus on emotional responses to negative (and not positive) events and the initial reactivity (but not recovery) to those events. The proposed research will attempt to reconcile these mixed findings by examining how emotional response styles in adults ranging from 33 to 84 are related to concurrent and longitudinal (10 years later) well-being using a multimodal assessment of emotion. Data from the 2nd and 3rd waves of the Midlife in the United States study will be used to compare the validity of three methods of assessing emotional response styles in predicting longitudinal well-being: self-reported emotion after the occurrence of daily stressors and daily uplifts in an 8-day diary study; facial electromyography (facial EMG) indicators of emotional responses to negative and positive pictures; and activity in the amygdala and striatum while viewing negative and positive pictures during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The initial reactivity to the emotional event (stressor/uplift, negative picture/positive picture) will be examined as well as the recovery from the emotional event (i.e., the time taken to return to baseline levels). The proposed project aims to investigate how individual differences in 1) negative; and 2) positive emotional response styles in daily life, facial EMG, and fMRI relate to well-being 10 years later as a function of age; and 3) Examine how interactions between age and individual differences in emotional response styles in daily life, facial EMG, and fMRI relate to change in well-being across 10 years. Training of the fellow will take place in the Center for Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and will be supported by experts in affective neuroscience, facial EMG analysis, and fMRI analysis. The training plan includes activities intended to bolster the fellow’s theoretical understanding and methodological skillset regarding the neurobiological basis of emotional response styles as well as professional development. Findings from the proposed study have the potential to inform efforts to maintain and improve emotional health and well-being as people age.