Investigating the error-related negativity and the balance N1 in children with anxiety disorders

项目摘要 错误相关负波(ERN)是错误加工的生物标志物，可以预测未来的发病和更糟糕的情况 儿童焦虑症的结果，因此是一个潜在的目标，以抵消发展 焦虑症。治疗性干预可以在一次治疗中减少ERN，但有许多因素 使ERN难以测量，例如要求参与者自发地在一个小错误上 在远离日常生活的简单电脑游戏中，数百次试验只是一小部分。此外，ERN是 对任务说明的解释相当敏感。天平N1是误差的可比生物标志物 由于突然扰乱站立平衡而引起的处理。与ERN不同的是， 唤醒在日常生活中遇到的平衡N1，完全在实验控制下，并唤起一种 不需要事先指示的非自愿行为反应，消除了许多与 测量ERN。此外，天平N1的幅度比ERN大得多，并且可以 在单项试验中得到了强有力的观察。初步数据表明，平衡N1和ERN幅度为 在年轻人和老年人中相关，这表明N1的平衡可能提供了一个强大的 测量相同的基础神经系统。在拟议项目中，余额N1和ERN将为 对128名儿童(9~12岁，N=有焦虑症，N=无焦虑症)进行测量。同时复制以前的 发现临床焦虑儿童的ERN增强，这个项目将是第一个测试 焦虑症儿童的平衡N1也同样得到增强(目标1)。然后，这个项目将测试是否平衡 N1和ERN波幅在两组儿童内部和之间相关，并评估它们是否 说明焦虑状态的独特或重叠差异(目标2)。那么焦虑的孩子们就会 随机分为基于计算机的单次干预，目标是过度活跃的错误监控或 控制条件侧重于健康生活方式的选择。我们的目标是证明一项针对 过度活跃的错误监控可以减少ERN-并测试这种影响是否会传递到类似的减少 平衡N1以测试共享的底层机制(目标3)。拟议的研究可能会产生一个 焦虑的生物标记物，比ERN更可靠，更容易测量。干预的转移 对平衡N1的影响将为之前的工作提供洞察力，证明平衡训练可以缓解 幼儿的焦虑，以及有据可查的心理治疗对平衡障碍的好处。总而言之， 这些数据可能有助于制定针对儿童焦虑的多学科干预措施 大脑的错误监控系统的活动。该项目将提供使用与事件相关的 潜在的生物标记物在临床研究项目中研究发展精神病理学以支持 申请人的长期目标是研究重叠的运动、认知和神经机制 神经发育障碍儿童的精神问题。

Project Summary The error-related negativity (ERN) is a biomarker of error processing that can predict future onset and worse outcomes of anxiety disorders in young children and is therefore a potential target to offset the development of anxiety disorders. Therapeutic interventions can reduce the ERN in a single session, but a number of factors make the ERN difficult to measure, such as requiring participants to spontaneously make mistakes on a small fraction of hundreds of trials in simple computer games that are far removed from daily life. Further, the ERN is quite sensitive to interpretation of the task instructions. The balance N1 is a comparable biomarker of error processing that can be evoked by a sudden disturbance to standing balance. Unlike the ERN, the errors that evoke the balance N1 are encountered in daily life, are under full experimental control, and evoke an involuntary behavioral reaction that requires no prior instruction, eliminating many of the problems with measuring the ERN. Further, the balance N1 is substantially larger in amplitude than the ERN and can be robustly observed in single trials. Preliminary data demonstrate that the balance N1 and ERN amplitudes are correlated within younger and older adult populations, suggesting the balance N1 may provide a robust measurement of the same underlying neural system. In the proposed project, the balance N1 and ERN will be measured in 128 children (ages 9-12, N=64 with anxiety disorders and N=64 without). While replicating prior findings that the ERN is enhanced in clinically anxious children, this project will be the first to test whether the balance N1 is similarly enhanced in anxious children (Aim 1). Then, this project will test whether the balance N1 and ERN amplitudes are correlated within and across both groups of children, and assess whether they account for unique or overlapping variance in anxiety status (Aim 2). The anxious children will then be randomized into a single-session computer-based intervention targeting hyperactive error monitoring or a control condition focused on healthy lifestyle choices. Our goal is to demonstrate that an intervention targeting hyperactive error monitoring can reduce the ERN—and test whether this effect transfers to a similar reduction of the balance N1 to test for shared underlying mechanisms (Aim 3). The proposed study may yield a biomarker of anxiety that is more robust and easier to measure than the ERN. Transfer of the intervention effect to the balance N1 would provide insight into prior work demonstrating that balance training can alleviate anxiety in young children, and well-documented benefits of psychotherapy to balance disorders. Collectively, these data may facilitate the development of multidisciplinary interventions for anxiety in children that target activity of the brain’s error monitoring system. This project will provide training in the use of event-related potential based biomarkers to study developmental psychopathology in a clinical research project to support the applicant’s long-term goal of investigating overlapping neural mechanisms of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.