Stakeholder Perspectives on Social Media Surveillance in Schools

项目摘要 在青少年自杀和校园枪击事件不断增加的情况下，越来越多的美国学校正在实施商业社交媒体监控(SMS)技术，据称该技术可以通过监控学生的社交媒体帖子来识别心理健康和安全威胁。尽管短信技术越来越多地被学校购买和使用，但这种使用通常不会向学生或家长披露。公司收集学生信息的方法也缺乏透明度，也没有指导方针来告知学校如何使用和回应他们收到的信息。此外，学校通常没有对实践进行评估，也没有对道德、法律和社会影响(ELSI)进行系统评估，包括它对据称旨在帮助的学生的影响。我们最近对529名学生、家长、教师和学校管理人员进行了一项关于短信认知的简短调查。与管理员相比，学生对使用短信的支持较少，对短信能否解决暴力、欺凌和心理健康问题更持怀疑态度，家长认为短信可能导致数据滥用和歧视。这些初步数据表明了利益相关者群体之间的不同观点，并表明需要开展更多工作来评估目前实施SMS的方式以及对学生可能产生的影响的范围和复杂性。这项研究的长期目标是通过识别和减轻校本短信的危害来促进学生的健康、安全和隐私利益以及学校的机构义务和利益。该应用程序的总体目标是记录学校管理人员目前使用短信的方式，评估学生和家长的观点，并分析ELSI问题。我们的假设是，基于我们的初步工作，管理人员参与了广泛的实施实践，一些年轻人容易受到基于学校的短信的不利影响。这项申请中建议的工作是为了向这一领域的以学生为中心的政策建议提供信息，目前该领域几乎没有透明度和监管。我们建议的具体目标如下：1)记录学校行政人员使用短信息服务的理由和目前的实施做法；2)评估校本短信息服务对学生的感知影响，并确定与易受不利影响相关的学生特征；以及3)详细分析校本短信息服务的ELSI问题，并制定政策建议。这个项目将产生关于学校中与短信相关的看法和做法的新见解。研究结果还可以为这一领域的研究议程提供参考，包括是否有必要对一些基于学校的短信系统进行系统干预研究，如果是，则提供以学生和青少年的心理健康需求为中心的研究设计考虑因素。更广泛地说，这项工作将为当前和未来有关在更广泛的公共卫生领域使用短信和其他形式的数字监测的做法和政策提供信息。

PROJECT ABSTRACT At a time when youth suicide and school shooting incidents are increasing, a growing number of U.S. schools are implementing commercially available social media surveillance (SMS) technology that can allegedly identify mental health and safety threats by monitoring students' social media posts. Although SMS technology is increasingly being purchased and used by schools, such use is often not disclosed to students or parents. There is also a lack of transparency regarding the methods used by companies to collect information about students, and there are no guidelines to inform how schools use and respond to the information they receive. Moreover, there is typically no evaluation of practice by schools, and there has been no systematic assessment of the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI), including how it affects the students whom it purportedly aims to help. We recently conducted a brief survey of 529 students, parents, teachers, and school administrators on perceptions of SMS. Compared to administrators, students were less supportive of using SMS, more skeptical of whether it could address violence, bullying, and mental health issues, and parents felt it could lead to data misuse and discrimination. These preliminary data point to differing perspectives among stakeholder groups and suggest more work is needed to assess the ways in which SMS is currently implemented and the range and complexity of possible effects on students. The long-term goal of this research is to promote the health, safety, and privacy interests of students and the institutional obligations and interests of schools by identifying and mitigating harms from school-based SMS. The overall objective of this application is to document the ways in which SMS is currently being used by school administrators, assess the perspectives of students and parents, and analyze the ELSI issues. Our hypothesis, based on our preliminary work, is that administrators engage in a wide range of implementation practices and that some youth are vulnerable to adverse effects of school-based SMS. The work proposed in this application is needed to inform student-centered policy recommendations in this area where little transparency and regulation currently exist. We propose the following specific aims: 1) Document school administrators' reasons for using SMS and current implementation practices; 2) Assess the perceived effects of school-based SMS on students and identify student characteristics associated with vulnerability to adverse effects; and 3) Conduct a detailed analysis of the ELSI issues with school-based SMS and develop policy recommendations. This project will generate new insights about perceptions and practices related to SMS in schools. Results could also inform a research agenda in this area, including whether systematic intervention studies of some school-based SMS systems are warranted, and if so, offer study design considerations that center the mental health needs of students and youth. More generally, this work will inform current and future practices and policies related to the use of SMS and other forms of digital surveillance in broader areas of public health.