Tracing the Health Consequences of Family Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic

项目总结 新冠肺炎大流行对健康的最初影响在不同的社会群体中是不平等的，而且存在差异 在新冠肺炎的经济影响方面，扩大了现有的经济不平等和健康差距。当面对时 面对健康和经济挑战，美国人经常依赖家庭成员，包括那些不是家庭成员的人 共同居住，提供时间帮助、经济援助和合租住房。然而，对于许多弱势群体来说 美国人，对家庭帮助的需求增加的时候，家庭提供帮助的能力是 被削弱了。旨在缓解大流行的经济困难的公共转移可能会与家庭互动 转移，但其综合影响尚不清楚。尽管卫生和经济相互依存 几代人面临的挑战以及面对挑战时家庭支持对健康结果的影响， 大多数关于大流行影响的研究都集中在个人和家庭。该项目填补了这一空白 创建与健康和退休研究(HRS)链接的多维背景数据库的研究 收入动态小组研究(PSID)，以检查大流行对几代人的影响 美国家庭。HRS和PSID收集了关于个人和他们的健康和福祉的数据 家庭成员几十年来，包括针对新冠肺炎健康和经济挑战以及公共场合的补充剂 和私人转让，以应对这些挑战，并将继续无限期地支持对 在大流行期间和之后的几年中对健康的影响。该项目通过建立 关于大流行的背景数据库，可与卫生和社会服务部和PSID的几代家庭建立联系 风险暴露的维度；州、地方和学校政策；当地经济状况；医疗保健 可获得性；先前存在的健康因素；以及结构性不平等。拟议的项目旨在实现四个目标：(1) 建立和维护一个多维背景数据库，与几代HRS和PSID家庭相联系；(2) 描述与流行病相关的健康和经济挑战在不同群体之间的差异以及在内部的分担情况 家庭；(3)评估家庭成员的关怀、经济支持和同居如何应对流行病- 相关的健康和经济挑战以及它们如何与公共转移项目相互作用；以及(4)研究 疫情发生后和流行后数年对身心健康的影响 家庭支持和公共转移是否减轻了对健康的负面影响。不同种族之间的差异-- 在每个目标中都要评估社会经济地位、性别、年龄和退休状况以及家庭结构。因果关系 将结合得出的主观评估来估计大流行影响的影响 来自受访者和分析策略。这些结果提供了对健康和 疫情给美国家庭带来的经济挑战及其对他们身心的影响 健康。财团合作将促进背景因素和健康结果的协调，并 支持向更广泛的研究界传播背景数据资源。

PROJECT SUMMARY The initial health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have been unequal across social groups, and disparities in the economic impact of COVID-19 have amplified existing economic inequalities and health gaps. When faced with health and economic challenges, Americans often rely on family members, including those who are not coresident, to provide time help, financial assistance, and shared housing. Yet, for many disadvantaged Americans, the increased need for help from family comes at a time when the ability of family to provide help is diminished. Public transfers designed to alleviate economic hardships of the pandemic may interact with family transfers, but the combined effects are unknown. Despite the interdependence of health and economic challenges across generations and the effect of family support on health outcomes in the face of challenges, most research on pandemic effects focuses on individuals and households. This project fills this gap in the research creating a multidimensional contextual database linked to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine the effects of the pandemic across generations of American families. The HRS and PSID have collected data on the health and well-being of individuals and their family members for decades, include supplements on COVID-19 health and economic challenges and on public and private transfers to combat these challenges, and will continue indefinitely to support an understanding of the health impacts during and in the years following the pandemic. This project enhances these data by building a contextual database on the pandemic linkable to the generations of families in the HRS and PSID across dimensions of exposure to risk; state, local, and school policies; local economic conditions; health care availability; preexisting health factors; and structural inequalities. The proposed project addresses four Aims: (1) build and maintain a multidimensional contextual database linked to generations of HRS and PSID families; (2) describe how pandemic-related health and economic challenges differed across groups and were shared within families; (3) assess how care, financial support, and coresidence from family members responded to pandemic- related health and economic challenges and how each interacted with public transfer programs; and (4) study the physical and mental health effects in the immediate aftermath and the years following the pandemic and whether family support and public transfers mitigated negative health effects. Disparities across race-ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, age and retirement status, and family structure are assessed in each aim. Causal effects of the impact of the pandemic will be estimated using a combination of subjective assessments elicited from respondents and analytic strategies. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of the health and economic challenges the pandemic posed to American families and how it impacted their physical and mental health. Consortium collaborations will facilitate harmonization of contextual factors and health outcomes and support dissemination of the contextual data resource to the broader research community.