Sexual orientation, gender identity, and alcohol use: A multi-method analysis of developmental differences and key mechanisms

项目摘要： 今年，美国将有超过95,000人死于过度饮酒和滥用(AU/M)。 尽管酒精是青少年最常用的物质，但性和性别少数民族青年(SGMY) 比起异性恋和顺性恋青年，他们更有可能过早和过度地进行AU/M，这使他们处于 在整个生命过程中，非盟/甲型肝炎的风险更大。这些差距在过去几十年中的持续 表明迫切需要研究确定预防的关键时期。然而，仍然存在着紧迫的问题 与SGM相关的发病、进展和可变机制有关的问题 青春期AU/M的差异。这项拟议研究的目的有两个。首先，我的目标是 审查非盟/非政府组织跨青年群体的发展趋势，这些青年群体由性取向、性别认同、 以及种族/民族。第二，我将探讨酒精使用的规范机制(例如，社会规范、同伴 与SGM特有的经历(例如，耻辱)重合并共存，从而影响SGMY的酒精使用。 该项目将利用加州健康儿童调查，这是一个独特的基于人群的数据来源， 以百万多名青少年为研究对象，采用混合初选的方法收集数据，完成以下研究 AIMS：(AIMS 1.1)估计(1.1a)定义的各群体中AU/M患病率的发展趋势 性取向、性别认同和(1.1 b)这些认同与种族/族裔的交集；(目标1.2) 检查基于偏见的欺凌和酒精使用的感知伤害在多大程度上减弱了 按(1.2a)性取向、性别认同和(1.2b)界定的各群体非盟/非盟的发展趋势 这些身份与种族/族裔的交集；以及(2)探讨特别机制如何具体和规范 青少年因素共同塑造了SGMY中的AU/M。为了实现这些目标，我需要额外的 针对特殊的和发展中典型的非盟/非盟差异和复杂的机制进行培训 定量和混合方法研究SGMY的AU/M培训计划结合了 来自赞助商和顾问的量身定做的指导，通过正式的课程和培训研讨会为我提供 有了所需的技能、资源和指导，才能实现我成为独立人士的长期目标 研究人员致力于了解和消除SGMY之间的AU/M不平等。阐明相互作用 在SGMY AU/M中隐含的标准化青少年和SGMY特定应激源将使我发展 未来的研究有助于在发展上适当的和文化上相关的干预措施 在SGMY中，AU/M途径和支持弹性。

Project Abstract: Over 95,000 people will die this year in the United States from excessive alcohol use and misuse (AU/M). Although alcohol is the substance most commonly used by teens, sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are more likely to engage in early and excessive AU/M than heterosexual and cisgender youth, placing them at greater risk for AU/M across the life course. The persistence of these disparities over the past several decades indicates an urgent need for research identifying critical periods for prevention. Yet, there remain pressing questions regarding the onset, progression, and mutable mechanisms that contribute to SGM-related disparities in AU/M during adolescence. The objective of the proposed research is twofold. First, I aim to examine developmental trends of AU/M across groups of youth defined by sexual orientation, gender identity, and race/ethnicity. Second, I will explore how normative mechanisms of alcohol use (e.g., social norms, peer influence) coincide and coexist with SGM-specific experiences (e.g., stigma) to influence SGMY alcohol use. The project will leverage the California Healthy Kids Survey, a unique population-based data source of more than one million adolescents, and primary mixed methods data collection to complete the following research aims: (Aim 1.1) Estimate developmental trends in the prevalence of AU/M across groups defined by (1.1a) sexual orientation, gender identity and (1.1b) the intersections of these identities with race/ethnicity; (Aim 1.2) Examine the extent to which bias-based bullying and perceived harm of alcohol use attenuate differences in developmental trends of AU/M across groups defined by (1.2a) sexual orientation, gender identity and (1.2b) the intersections of these identities with race/ethnicity; and (2) Explore how SGM-specific and normative adolescent factors collectively shape AU/M among SGMY. To accomplish these goals, I require additional training in SGM-specific and developmentally typical mechanisms of AU/M disparities, and complex quantitative and mixed methods approaches to investigating SGMY’s AU/M. The training plan combines tailored mentorship from sponsors and consultants with formal coursework and training seminars to provide me with the skills, resources, and mentorship needed to reach my long-term goal of becoming an independent researcher focused on understanding and eliminating AU/M inequities among SGMY. Elucidating the interplay of normative adolescent and SGMY-specific stressors implicated in SGMY AU/M will allow me to develop future research that contributes to developmentally appropriate and culturally relevant interventions to interrupt AU/M pathways and support resiliency in SGMY.