Project 1: Childhood Maltreatment, Repetitive Negative Thinking, and Mental Health in Adolescence: A 12-Year Longitudinal Study

项目总结/摘要 COBRE研究项目1将使项目负责人Vergara-Lopez能够收集试点数据，以支持竞争性R 01应用程序，调查儿童虐待对重复性消极思维（RNT）的影响，以及心理健康问题的风险。早期生活中的逆境改变了认知过程;这些影响随着儿童向青春期过渡而变得更加明显。然而，认知机制，童年逆境赋予青少年精神病理学的风险还没有得到很好的理解。我们认为，认知控制缺陷，特别是处理情绪刺激时的不良定势转换，导致难以脱离消极内容和重复性消极思维（RNT）的经验。RNT -一个经常性的和难以控制的过程，集中在负面内容已被提出作为一个跨内化的transdiagnosis认知风险因素（例如，抑郁，焦虑）和外化（例如，物质使用、攻击性）问题。然而，还没有研究研究RNT的作用，因为它在暴露于童年逆境的青少年中体内展开。这是一个关键的错过的临床机会，因为RNT可能作为一个近端的可塑性前因，以广泛的心理健康问题，因此，一个潜在的transdiagnosis治疗目标。将从一项为期12年的纵向研究中招募具有全面儿童保护服务的青少年，这些青少年经证实有虐待和其他逆境的历史（由环境压力访谈和自我/父母报告确定）。我们将充分利用这项纵向研究的基础设施，该研究利用多种方法，多信息人评估幼儿期（3-5岁）和儿童中期（9-11岁）的虐待行为，包括暴露类型，慢性程度和严重程度。我们将招募15-17岁的青少年和一名护理人员。青少年（N=75）及其照顾者将参加实验室访问，通过诊断性临床访谈和自我报告措施评估心理健康状况。青少年将完成认知控制电池，RNT诱导与自由视角眼动跟踪范式配对，以评估脱离负面内容的困难（即，参与者在视觉上对负面刺激停留或持续的程度）。利用来自技术、评估、数据和分析（TADA）核心的Ilumivu技术，青少年将在基线和6个月随访时完成短期EMA突发设计，包括两个为期2周的EMA方案，评估“实时”RNT和广泛心理健康问题的主要情绪症状（例如，抑郁、焦虑、易怒和愤怒的情绪）。最后，参与者将完成第二次实验室访问，通过自我报告和访谈重新评估全方位的心理健康。最终，这项研究将为开发基于实时需求（例如，体内RNT），并有助于预防和减少儿童逆境后的心理健康问题。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT COBRE Research Project 1 will enable Project Lead Vergara-Lopez to collect pilot data in support of a competitive R01 application investigating the influence of childhood maltreatment on repetitive negative thinking (RNT), and risk for mental health problems. Early life adversity alters cognitive processes; these effects become more evident as children transition to adolescence. However, the cognitive mechanisms by which childhood adversity confers risk for adolescent psychopathology are not well understood. We propose that cognitive control deficits, specifically poor set-shifting when processing emotional stimuli, leads to difficulty disengaging from negative content and experiences of repetitive negative thinking (RNT). RNT - a recurrent and difficult to control process focused on negative content has been proposed as a transdiagnostic cognitive risk factor across internalizing (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalizing (e.g., substance use, aggression) problems. Yet, there are no studies that examine the role of RNT as it unfolds in vivo among adolescents with exposure to childhood adversity. This is a critical missed clinical opportunity because RNT may serve as a proximal malleable antecedent to a broad range of mental health problems, and thus, a potential transdiagnostic treatment target. Adolescents with comprehensive child protective services verified histories of maltreatment and other adversities (determined by contextual stress interviews, and self/parental report), will be recruited from a 12-year longitudinal study. We will capitalize on the infrastructure of this longitudinal study that has richly characterized maltreatment and other adverse exposures utilizing multi-method, multi-informant assessment of maltreatment in early childhood (ages 3-5) and middle childhood (ages 9-11) across exposure type, chronicity, and severity. We will recruit adolescents between 15-17 years old and a caregiver. Adolescents (N=75), and their caregivers will attend a laboratory visit to assess mental health via diagnostic clinical interviews and self-report measures. The adolescents will complete a cognitive control battery, a RNT induction paired with a free-view eye-tracking paradigm to assesses difficulty disengaging from negative content (i.e., how much participants visually dwell or perseverate on negative stimuli). Leveraging Ilumivu technology from the Technology, Assessment, Data, and Analysis (TADA) Core, adolescents will then complete a short-term EMA burst design with two, 2-week, EMA protocols at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up, assessing “real-time” RNT and cardinal mood symptoms of a broad spectrum of mental health problems (e.g., depressed, anxious, irritable, and angry mood). Finally, participants will complete a second laboratory visit to reassess full spectrum mental health via self-report and interviews. Ultimately, this research will inform the development of technology deployed ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) or just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) that vary based on real-time needs (e.g., in-vivo RNT) and help prevent and curtail mental health problems following childhood adversity.