Testing a Mechanistic Model of Attention to Social Media Content and Sleep Disturbance in the Escalation of Social Anxiety in Adolescents

项目摘要 这个R 01项目建议测试一个发展性的，机械的模型之间的关系 青少年社交媒体（SoMe）使用和社交焦虑症状（SA），检查注意力扰动 和睡眠是影响风险的关键变量。有一个急剧增加，在SoMe的使用和SA， 青春期尽管自我报告的使用SoMe的总时间与青春期的SA有关， 调查结果好坏参半，文献受到有据可查的评估和设计限制的影响。 因此，“对SoMe使用可能影响风险的机制知之甚少”（RFA-MH-23-115）。 迫切需要使用复杂的方法进行纵向研究来评估SoMe的使用和测试 其对青少年SA影响的机制模型。该项目直接回应了这一需求。 在发展认知神经科学的指导下，我们的模型假定对社会内容的干扰注意 和睡眠障碍的关键特征（感知睡眠质量差和睡眠效率差）作为中枢 从SoMe使用到SA的路径上的变量。注意力就像一个看门人，通过它，社会信息被 选择加工，从而塑造青少年如何体验他们的社会世界。令人兴奋的数据来自 我们的团队成员证明，对社交内容的干扰注意力与更高水平的SA有关， 睡眠障碍其他数据表明，SoMe的使用，特别是在睡前，与睡眠有关 焦虑、睡眠障碍与青春期SA有关。西班牙裔/拉丁裔青少年尤其 影响，因为他们经历焦虑和睡眠障碍的比率更高，更有可能报告使用 与其他族裔群体相比，SoMe“几乎不断”。 总之，这些数据使我们能够提供第一个测试的发展知情，机械模型 其中：睡前SoMe使用预测SA和睡眠障碍（目标1）-当青少年表现出不安 对社交内容的关注（即，适度）（目标2）--睡眠障碍介导了这种关系 SoMe使用和SA之间的关系（目标3）。我们将在252名生物学上的男性/女性中测试该模型， (75%）13-17岁西班牙裔/拉丁裔青少年，使用加速纵向设计，评估 青少年在18个月内四次。为了解决以往工作的评估局限性，我们将 使用被动传感和生态瞬时评估来表征时间、位置和行为 SoMe使用;建立眼动跟踪范式来衡量对社会内容的关注;和主观（日常） 日记）和客观（活动记录）方法来测量睡眠障碍。 该项目将提供一个严格的测试，在青少年的SA升级的机制模型。它 还将确定我们未来将追求的可修改目标（SoMe使用，睡眠和注意力的特征） 预防青少年社交焦虑症状严重程度升级的项目。

Project Summary This R01 project proposes to test a developmentally informed, mechanistic model of the relations between social media (SoMe) use and social anxiety symptoms (SA) in adolescence, examining attention perturbations and sleep as key variables that impact risk. There is a steep increase in both SoMe use and SA in adolescence. Although total self-reported time spent using SoMe has been associated with SA in adolescence, findings are mixed and the literature suffers from well-documented assessment and design limitations. Consequently, “little is known about the mechanisms by which SoMe use may impact risk” (RFA-MH-23-115). There is a critical need for longitudinal research using sophisticated approaches to assess SoMe use and test a mechanistic model of its influence on SA in adolescents. This project responds directly to that need. Guided by developmental cognitive neuroscience, our model posits perturbed attention to social content and key features of sleep disturbance (poor perceived sleep quality and poor sleep efficiency) as central variables on the path from SoMe use to SA. Attention acts as a gatekeeper through which social information is selected for processing, thus shaping how adolescents experience their social world. Exciting data from members of our team document that perturbed attention to social content is related to higher levels of SA and sleep disturbance. Additional data document that SoMe use, especially at bedtime, is related to sleep disturbance and sleep disturbance is related to SA in adolescence. Hispanic/Latine adolescents are particularly impacted, as they experience anxiety and sleep disturbance at higher rates and are more likely to report using SoMe “almost constantly,” compared with other ethnic groups. Together, these data position us to provide the first test of a developmentally informed, mechanistic model wherein: bedtime SoMe use predicts SA and sleep disturbance (Aim 1) -- when adolescents show perturbed attention to social content (i.e., moderation) (Aim 2) -- and sleep disturbance mediates the relationship between SoMe use and SA (Aim 3). We will test this model in 252 biologically male/female, predominately (75%) Hispanic/Latine adolescents ages 13-17 years, using an accelerated longitudinal design, assessing adolescents four times over 18 months. Addressing assessment limitations that characterize prior work, we will use passive sensing and ecological momentary assessment to characterize the timing, location, and behaviors of SoMe use; established eye-tracking paradigms to measure attention to social content; and subjective (daily diary) and objective (actigraphy) methods to measure sleep disturbance. This project will provide a rigorous test of a mechanistic model of the escalation of SA in adolescents. It also will identify modifiable targets (features of SoMe use, sleep, and attention) that we would pursue in future projects to prevent the escalation of social anxiety symptom severity in adolescence.