Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Flavor Sensory Perception As It Relates to Appeal and Reinforcing Efficacy Among Adult Smokers

项目摘要 女性吸烟者比男性对非尼古丁的感觉更敏感。 提示，这可能解释戒烟率较低和对尼古丁替代品的反应较低 治疗女性。此外，有证据表明，女性使用非烟草电子烟的比例更高 风味和价值风味的可用性。这项资助的K01旨在阐明性如何影响 流行的电子烟风味成分的感官知觉，甜味和凉爽，以及这如何影响 吸引力和增强效力。三种电子烟口味的感官感知、吸引力、增强功效 研究了当存在于具有适度甜味、清凉味和未调味的电子烟中时， 尼古丁浓度单独（目标1）和同时（目标2）。我们假设与原味的 电子烟液体、甜味和清凉风味组分通常被评为更吸引人， 在男性和女性之间加强，但女性在吸引力方面会有更明显的差异， 与未调味的电子液体相比，增强甜味和清凉风味的功效（目的1）。另外我们 假设与男性相比，女性工作更努力，并表现出更大的虐待倾向， 含尼古丁的电子烟中的调味电子液体，当与未调味的电子液体同时可用时， 含尼古丁的电子烟（目标2）。该项目的成果将提供新的信息， 不同性别对非尼古丁感官线索的反应差异表明了电子烟的使用， 行为监管部门努力限制流行的风味成分，如电子商务中的甜味和/或清凉风味。 香烟对女性吸烟者使用电子烟的影响可能比男性更大， 香烟作为一种潜在的减少危害的工具。 通过专家指导，指导阅读，正式的课程和研讨会，直接实验 培训、参加科学会议、准备手稿和赠款、 建议的研究将在以下领域获得：（1）化学感觉心理物理学，因为它涉及到 烟草监管科学，（2）与烟草监管科学有关的性相关研究，以及（3） 高级统计培训，旨在发展数据分析技术，以调查性别差异; 调味烟草产品的使用。总的来说，这项研究项目和培训计划在目前资助的 K01将为烟草监管科学的职业发展提供重要框架。 这项补充建议旨在为私家侦探提供额外的资助，因为私家侦探将会 在父母补助金的第二年期间经历了关键的生活事件。PI将于2023年7月生孩子 她将休产假到十月鉴于招募和数据收集将在 这一次，补充将用于增加研究支持（与研究助理）， 休假以补偿研究招募和数据收集的延迟。

Project Summary Female cigarette smokers have been shown to be more sensitive than males to non-nicotine sensory cues, which may explain lower rates of smoking cessation and lowered response to nicotine replacement therapies among females. Additionally, evidence suggests females have higher use of non-tobacco e-cigarette flavors and value flavor availability. This funded K01 is designed to elucidate how sex may influence the sensory perception of the popular e-cigarette flavor components, sweetness and cooling, and how this impacts appeal and reinforcing efficacy. Sensory perception, appeal, reinforcing efficacy of three e-cigarette flavors (sweet flavor, cooling flavor, and unflavored) are studied when presented in an e-cigarette with moderate nicotine concentration alone (Aim 1) and concurrently (Aim 2). We hypothesize that compared to an unflavored e-cigarette liquid, sweet and cooling flavor components will be generally rated as more appealing and reinforcing among both males and females, but females will have more pronounced differences in appeal and reinforcing efficacy of sweet and cooling flavors compared to the unflavored e-liquid (Aim 1). Additionally, we hypothesize that females compared to males will work harder and demonstrate greater abuse liability for flavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes when concurrently available with unflavored e-liquids in nicotine containing e-cigarettes (Aim 2). The outcomes of this project will provide new information about how the difference in response by sex to the non-nicotine sensory cues of flavor inform e-cigarette use and behavior. Regulatory efforts to restrict popular flavor components, like sweet and/or cooling flavors in e- cigarettes may have potentially a greater impact on female cigarette smokers than males on use of e- cigarettes as a potential harm reduction tool. Through expert mentoring, directed readings, formal coursework and seminars, direct experimental training, attendance at scientific meetings, manuscript and grant preparation, expertise to conduct the proposed research will be gained in the following areas: (1) chemosensory psychophysics as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, (2) sex-related research as it relates to tobacco regulatory science, and (3) advanced statistical training aimed at developing data analysis techniques to investigate sex differences & flavored tobacco product use. Taken together, this research project and training plan in the currently funded K01 will provide an important framework for career development in tobacco regulatory science. This supplement is proposed to provide additional funding support for the PI given they will be experiencing a critical life event during Year 2 of the parent grant. The PI will be having a child in July 2023 and will be on maternity leave through October. Given recruitment and data collection will be paused during this time, the supplement will be used to increase research support (with a research assistant) following the leave to compensate for the delay in study recruitment and data collection.