Brief Intervention for Smokers: Cue Reactivity & Smoking

描述(由申请人提供)： 吸烟仍然是我们社会中可预防的主要死亡原因之一。尽管最近药物和行为戒烟方法激增，但大约每四个成年人中就有一个继续吸烟。不幸的是，大多数吸烟者在任何时候戒烟的动力似乎都很低。尽管美国公共卫生服务机构目前的指导方针建议向目前没有戒烟动机的所有吸烟者提供短暂干预，但短暂干预的有效性尚未得到很好的确立，研究也没有阐明短暂干预可能改变吸烟行为的机制。这一阶段的探索性/发展性(R21)研究的主要目的是在对低动机吸烟者进行短暂的“启动”干预后，检查吸烟行为的特定认知/情感中介因素。第一阶段将通过纳入一组低动机吸烟者(n=20)的反馈，完善一个简短的计算机定制的“吸烟相关启动”(SRP)干预。第二阶段将包括一项临床实验室研究(n=105)，以评估从理论上得出的预测，即SRP将增加吸烟线索引发的负面情绪(如接近-回避冲突、认知失调)和觉醒，以及这些认知/情感反应将中介干预对急性吸烟行为的影响。在这项研究中，SRP将与“营养相关启动”和“不启动”条件进行比较。第二个目的是确定在SRP特定部分期间的生理唤醒是否与干预后的吸烟行为有关。总体而言，该项目将为未来的探索性研究(阶段Ib)奠定基础，该研究将继续评估对低动机吸烟者的短暂干预与相关吸烟结果之间的关系。最终，通过这项研究计划获得的信息将被用来最大限度地发挥简短干预措施(第二阶段)的效果，这些干预措施可以在社区环境中广泛传播给动机较低的吸烟者(第三阶段)。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Smoking remains among the major preventable causes of death in our society. Despite the recent proliferation of pharmaceutical and behavioral methods for smoking cessation, approximately one out of every four adults continues to smoke. Unfortunately, the majority of smokers appear to have low motivation for quitting at any given time. Although current guidelines from the U.S. Public Health Service recommend that brief interventions be provided to all smokers who are not currently motivated to quit, the effectiveness of brief interventions have not been well established, and research has not elucidated mechanisms whereby brief interventions may exert change in smoking behavior. The primary aim of this Stage Ia exploratory/developmental (R21) research is to examine specific cognitive/affective mediators of smoking behavior following a brief 'priming' intervention delivered to low-motivated smokers. Phase I will refine a brief computer-tailored 'Smoking-Related Priming' (SRP) intervention by incorporating feedback from a group (n=20) of low-motivated smokers. Phase II will comprise a clinical laboratory study (n=105) to evaluate the theoretically-derived prediction that SRP will increase negative affect (e.g., approach-avoidance conflict, cognitive dissonance) and arousal elicited by smoking cues, and that these cognitive/affective reactions will mediate effects of the intervention on acute smoking behavior. In this study, SRP will be compared with 'Nutrition-Related Priming' and 'No Priming' conditions. A secondary aim is to determine if physiological arousal during specific components of SRP is related to smoking behavior following the intervention. Overall, this project will lay the groundwork for future exploratory research (Stage Ib) that will continue to evaluate relationships between brief intervention for low-motivated smokers and relevant smoking outcomes. Ultimately, the information obtained via this program of research will be used to maximize the efficacy of brief interventions (Stage II) that can be widely disseminated to low-motivated smokers in community settings (Stage III).