Adhesin Amyloid Biology

淀粉样蛋白之间的异型相互作用对于理解基于淀粉样蛋白的预后至关重要 感染和治疗；然而，允许或限制淀粉样蛋白交叉的分子和结构决定因素- 播种一直很难定义。为了实现这一目标，确定淀粉样蛋白相互作用将是有益的 更大的规模，生成一个知识库，有助于确定管理交叉的规则 在淀粉样蛋白中播种。粘附素是真菌生物学中重要的功能性淀粉样蛋白家族。 和致命性。粘附素是真菌丝状菌中介导细胞间黏附的细胞壁附着蛋白 生长和生物膜的形成。值得注意的是，近90%的粘附素被预测为功能性淀粉样蛋白，而且许多 已被证明具有能够在溶液中形成淀粉样纤维的核心序列。在 酵母、酿酒酵母和白色念珠菌、粘附素聚集形成细胞表面重要的纳米结构域斑块 在增强假菌丝和菌丝的细胞间黏附方面。能够在以下情况之间进行过渡 在机会人类真菌病原菌C. 白念珠菌和粘附素已被确定为毒力因素。粘附素序列具有很强的 淀粉样蛋白是野生型细胞间黏附和丝状化所必需的。真菌优先结合 喜欢生物膜和丝状群落中的细胞。由于这种结合是通过粘附素介导的，我们 假设淀粉样蛋白相互作用的特异性是亲缘识别和细胞自我识别的基础 酵母。我们的初步数据与这一假设一致，确定了重要的序列变异 丝状菌和非丝状菌粘附素Flo11p的淀粉样致病区 酿酒酵母。我们还发现，淀粉样蛋白中单一氨基酸的变化可以强烈地影响交叉反应。 种子专一性。在这里，我们建议测试丝状和非丝状Flo11p的粘附素蛋白亚型 用于杂交播种的丝状酿酒酵母菌株。粘附素相互作用的物种障碍将被测试 使用从酿酒酵母和白色念珠菌鉴定的粘附素的集合。粘附素提供了一种信息性的 研究淀粉样蛋白相互作用特异性的平台，以及一套全基因组酵母功能 将使用粘附素框架测试淀粉样蛋白的形成潜力和异型相互作用 一种新型的筛选支架。总而言之，这项工作将确定制约 酵母中异型粘附素的相互作用，同时提供了对淀粉样蛋白交叉播种规则的更广泛的洞察。 利用粘附素作为酵母表面展示的支架，我们提出了一种适合于高通量的方法 应用于识别新的淀粉样蛋白和快速评估特定的聚集障碍。 粘附素是真菌特异性毒力决定因素，是新的抗真菌治疗的靶点。

Heterotypic interactions between amyloid proteins are critical in understanding the outcomes of amyloid-based infection and treatment; however, the molecular and structural determinants that allow or limit amyloid cross- seeding have been difficult to define. Towards this goal, it will be informative to identify amyloid interactions on a larger scale, generating a knowledgebase that can contribute to the identification of rules governing cross- seeding among amyloids. The adhesins are an important family of functional amyloids central to fungal biology and virulence. Adhesins are cell wall-attached proteins that mediate cell-cell adhesion in fungal filamentous growth and biofilm formation. Notably, nearly 90% of adhesins are predicted functional amyloids, and many have been demonstrated to possess core sequences capable of forming amyloid fibrils in solution. In the yeasts S. cerevisiae and C. albicans, adhesins aggregate to form cell surface nanodomain patches important in the enhanced cell-cell adhesion of pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments. The ability to transition between yeast-like and filamentous growth forms is required for virulence in the opportunistic human fungal pathogen C. albicans, and adhesins have been identified as virulence factors. Adhesin sequences with strong amyloidogenic potential are required for wild-type cell-cell adhesion and filamentation. Fungi preferentially bind to like cells in biofilms and filamentous communities. Since this binding is mediated through adhesins, we hypothesize that specificity in amyloid interactions underlies kin discrimination and cellular self-recognition in yeast. Our preliminary data are consistent with this hypothesis, identifying important sequence variation in amyloidogenic regions of the well-studied adhesin Flo11p between filamentous and non-filamentous strains of S. cerevisiae. We also identify that single amino acid changes in amyloid proteins can strongly affect cross- seeding specificity. Here, we propose to test adhesin protein isoforms of Flo11p from filamentous and non- filamentous strains of S. cerevisiae for cross-seeding. Species barriers to adhesin interactions will be tested using the set of identified adhesins from S. cerevisiae and C. albicans. The adhesins present an informative platform for the investigation of amyloid interaction specificity, and a genome-wide set of yeast functional amyloids will be tested for amyloidogenic potential and heterotypic interactions using the adhesin framework as a novel screening scaffold. Collectively, this work will determine the specificity and barriers that constrain heterotypic adhesin interactions in yeast, while offering broader insight into the rules of amyloid cross-seeding. Using the adhesins as a scaffold for yeast surface display, we present a method amenable to high throughput applications for the identification of new amyloids and the rapid assessment of specific aggregation barriers. Adhesins are fungal-specific virulence determinants relevant as targets for new antifungal treatments.