Acetate and Endothelial Pathobiology

慢性血管炎症是动脉粥样硬化、肺动脉粥样硬化和肺动脉粥样硬化的标志。 高血压（PAH）和相关疾病。它也是导致内皮细胞- 向间充质转化（EndMT）。我们最近已经证明了EndMT的破坏， 通过抑制内皮特异性TGFβ信号输入实现，导致广泛（约70%） 消退已形成的动脉粥样硬化病变并预防新病变的发展。它 还可防止缺氧诱导的PAH的发展。这些数据表明，EndMT是 与慢性炎症相关的疾病的发展和进展，例如 动脉粥样硬化、PAH和移植动脉病。 然而，依赖于通过控制内皮细胞增殖抑制EndMT的治疗策略， TGFβ信号传导是复杂的，因为需要内皮特异性递送TGF β。 治疗剂（TGFβ信号传导的全身性抑制充满副作用， 已显示通过其对平滑肌细胞的作用促进动脉粥样硬化）。为这些 出于各种原因，我们专注于确定另一个EndMT控制点， 治疗靶点由于内皮细胞具有独特的代谢要求和途径， 我们集中于鉴定EndMT的潜在代谢相关控制。 我们的初步研究表明，确实存在EndMT的代谢控制， 通过TGFβ信号传导的乙酰化依赖性调节起作用。此外，Ac-CoA需要 因为这些乙酰化事件似乎大部分是由乙酸酯衍生的。我们的目标 严格定义和表征独特的内皮代谢 途径，导致从乙酸产生细胞质Ac-CoA和这种Ac-CoA的作用， CoA在TGFβ信号传导中起作用。这将在体外和体内进行测试， 小鼠最后，我们将测试两种不同的翻译策略-基于纳米颗粒的EC特异性 RNAi递送，和口服特异性抑制剂，以测试抑制基于乙酸盐的肿瘤的效果。 乙酰辅酶A的产生与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

Chronic vascular inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and related conditions. It is also one of the principal causes of endothelial- to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). We have recently demonstrated that disruption of EndMT, achieved by inhibiting endothelial-specific TGFβ signaling input, results in extensive (~70%) regression of established atherosclerotic lesion and prevention of development of new ones. It also prevents development of hypoxia-induced PAH. These data suggest that EndMT is key to the development and progression of illnesses associated with chronic inflammation, such as atherosclerosis, PAH, and transplant arteriopathy. However, a therapeutic strategy that relies on suppressing EndMT via control of endothelial TGFβ signaling is complicated because of the need of endothelial-specific delivery of therapeutic agents (systemic inhibition of TGFβ signaling is fraught with side effects and has been shown to promote atherosclerosis via its effects on smooth muscle cells). For these reasons, we focused on identifying another EndMT control point that can serve as an effective therapeutic target. Since endothelial cells have unique metabolic requirements and pathways, we concentrated on identifying potential metabolic-related control of EndMT. Our preliminary studies indicate that there indeed is metabolic control of EndMT that operates via acetylation-dependent regulation of TGFβ signaling. Moreover, the Ac-CoA needed for these acetylation events appears to be in large part derived atypically from acetate. Our goal in this application is to rigorously define and characterize the unique endothelial metabolic pathway that leads to generation of cytoplasmic Ac-CoA from acetate and the role that this Ac- CoA plays in TGFβ signaling. This will be tested in vitro and in vivo using genetically engineered mice. Finally, we will test two distinct translational strategies – a nanoparticle-based EC-specific RNAi delivery, and an oral specific inhibitor to test the effect of suppression of acetate-based Ac-CoA production on the development and progression of atherosclerosis