From Pavilions to Skyscrapers: A History of Healthy Hospital Design in New York C

描述（由申请人提供）： 这项拨款计划旨在资助完成一本名为《摩天大楼的亭子：健康医院设计的历史》的书稿。“这本书将是第一本整合美国医院建筑和医疗历史的书，并将揭示医院设计如何影响患者健康的根本转变。在19世纪到20世纪之间，纽约市的“理想”医院建筑从旨在最大限度地减少特定疾病内部传播的自我净化环境转变为促进高效、协作和日益“科学”的医疗的功能性空间布局。这种转变的明显信号是从亭子病房的转换（低层、分散、郊区）到摩天大楼（高层、集中、城市）医院建设;这一转变的无形信号是从围绕着光和空气的运动和“纯度”的瘴气固定设计的架构转换到围绕着成熟的细菌设计的架构-理论驱动的重点是人和货物的流动和“纯度”。这种转变正在进行中，与现代医院的设计和实践有关，因此与医院护理密切相关的公共卫生有关。这本书将为医院设计的长期问题提供历史的视角。本书将由9章组成。每一章将审查整个城市的医院发展，但也将集中在一个或两个'示范'医院在一个给定的时间段。每章将讨论三个尺度的医院建筑决策：选址，建筑布局，病房设计。这本书还将评估纽约市的经验与美国其他城市的经验相匹配的程度，并讨论设计健康医院所需的专业知识（建筑和医学）的变化性质。这本书的研究主要是在第一手资料，包括医院年度报告，专业期刊，报纸，论文医院设计，和档案记录的个别医院，其中包括会议记录，委员会报告，照片，图纸，和内部通信。这项研究基本上已经完成，但仍然需要对几个纽约市图书馆、历史收藏和医院档案进行短暂的访问。私家侦探。要求从2008年7月1日到2009年12月31日的18个月的资金，包括两周的旅费到纽约市完成档案研究和工资补偿，让研究人员有必要的时间完成手稿。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This grant proposal seeks funding to complete a book manuscript titled "Pavilions to Skyscrapers: A History of Healthy Hospital Design." This book will be the first to integrate the architectural and medical history of American hospitals and will reveal a fundamental shift in how the design of hospitals was understood to affect the healthiness of its patients. Between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in New York City, 'ideal' hospital architecture shifted from a self-purifying environment intended to minimize the internal spread of specific diseases to a functional spatial layout that promoted efficient, collaborative, and increasingly 'scientific' medical treatment. The visible signal of this shift was the switch from pavilion-ward (low-rise, decentralized, suburban) to skyscraper (high-rise, centralized, urban) hospital construction; the invisible signal of this shift was the switch from an architecture designed around the miasmatic fixation on the movement and 'purity' of light and air to one designed around the mature germ-theory driven focus on the movement and 'purity' of people and goods. This shift is ongoing and of relevance to modern hospital design and practice, and consequently to public health which is integrally linked to hospital care. T his book will provide historical perspective to persistent issues of hospital design. The book will consist of 9 chapters. Each chapter will examine hospital development across the city, but will also focus on one or two 'model' hospitals for a given time period. Each chapter will discuss three scales of hospital architecture decisions: site choice, building layout, and ward design. The book will also assess the extent to which New York City's experiences matched experiences in other American cities and discuss the changing nature of expertise (architectural and medical) thought necessary to design a healthy hospital. The research for this book is largely in primary sources, including hospital annual reports, professional periodicals, newspapers, treatises on hospital design, and archival records of individual hospitals which include meeting minutes, committee reports, photos, drawings, and internal correspondence. The research is substantially complete, but still requires brief visits to several New York City libraries, historical collections, and hospital archives. The P. I. is asking for 18 months of funding, from July 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009, including two weeks of travel expenses to New York City to complete the archival research and salary compensation to allow the researcher the time necessary to complete the manuscript.