Interplay of the HIV-1 Env cytoplasmic tail, Gag-MA, and membrane: resolving molecular detail and blocking assembly

项目总结/摘要 这个创新项目的目标是汇集多学科的专业知识，剖析功能， HIV-1包膜（Env）胞质尾区（CT）， 潜在的Gag基质（MA）晶格，以及天然病毒体背景下的含脂质膜。我们将 利用最先进的低温电子断层扫描（cryo-ET）、分子动力学（MD）模拟、建模和 体外研究全面再现这些关键决定因素之间的相互作用 组装和传染性是精心安排的。我们的研究是基于最近的低温ET数据，其中定位 Env CT和MA相互作用的结果与以前的模型不同。在目标1中，我们将利用低温ET的力量， 推进Env CT-MA相互作用的解决方案，以促进进一步询问Env CT的机制- MA-膜相互作用。在目标2中，我们将在病毒的背景下生成Env CT-MA的原子模型。 使用高分辨率结构和冷冻ET密度，以及Env的战略突变和截短， CT和MA。在目标3中，我们将利用保守的结构特征来设计新的抗病毒药物， 膜渗透性环肽抑制剂。这些目标得到了全面的生物化学和 病毒学方法，并将使用充分表征的C型传播/创始者（T/F）HIV-1感染性 完全代表全球分离株并呈现完全匹配的Env和Gag的分子克隆 组件，这使我们的工作与众不同。我们的研究将以前所未有的细节揭示Env CT、MA和 膜脂彼此接合，所有组分都接近天然环境。这些强大的方法 将产生一个综合模型，包括难以解决的灵活区域，使完整的环境， MA-膜机械的生命。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The goal of this innovative project is to bring together multidisciplinary expertise to dissect the functional, structural, and dynamic nature of interactions between the HIV-1 envelope (Env) cytoplasmic tail (CT), the underlying Gag matrix (MA) lattice, and the lipid containing membrane in the context of native virions. We will utilize state-of-the-art cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, modeling, and in vitro studies to produce a comprehensive rendition of how interactions between these key determinants of assembly and infectivity are orchestrated. Our studies are based on recent cryo-ET data in which the positioning of Env CT and MA interactions differed from previous models. In Aim 1, we will harness the power of cryo-ET to advance the resolution of Env CT-MA interactions to facilitate further interrogation of the mechanics of Env CT- MA-membrane interactions. In Aim 2, we will generate atomistic models of Env CT-MA in the context of the viral membrane using high resolution structures and cryo-ET density, and strategic mutations and truncations of Env CT and MA. In Aim 3, we will exploit conserved structural features to design novel antiviral agents comprised of membrane-permeable cyclic peptide inhibitors. These Aims are supported by comprehensive biochemical and virologic approaches and will use a well characterized clade C transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 infectious molecular clone that is fully representative of global isolates and presents fully matched Env and Gag components, which distinguishes our work. Our studies will reveal in unprecedented detail how Env CT, MA, and membrane lipids engage one another, with all components in near native context. These powerful approaches will produce an integrated model, including flexible regions that are difficult to resolve, to bring the complete Env- MA-membrane machinery to life.