A Longitudinal Study Of Cognition In Adolescents At Risk For Substance Abuse

使用从参加本研究的青少年中获得的数据，我们评估了一些测试工具的内部信度、内部一致性和/或时间信度。我们评估了Conner’s Continuous Performance Test （CCPT）作为评估注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的临床工具的内部一致性和时间稳定性，该CCPT在51名青少年样本中（19名患有ADHD， 8名患有ADHD和其他疾病，24名对照组）。CCPT具有足够的二分信度，并且在1.3年的时间跨度内发现性能适度相关。ADHD参与者在第一次CCPT治疗期间的表现往往比对照组差，但在第二次CCPT治疗期间没有。CCPT被发现是诊断状态的不敏感指标，虽然一些CCPT表现测量与父母对ADHD症状的评分相关，但这些相关性的模式在很大程度上独立于测试手册中提供的解释性指南。我们的结论是，CCPT评分较差的诊断有效性和不明确的功能相关性可能会混淆CCPT的临床解释。我们评估了Rey复杂图形测试（RCFT）在青少年样本中的内部一致性和内部一致性。我们发现每个RCFT结果测量值都与临床可接受的评分间信度估计相关联。此外，我们发现复制和回忆准确性得分与临床可接受的内部一致性相关。我们评估的组织评分方法虽然与研究目的可接受的内部一致性相关，但发现与临床可接受性相关的估计略低于估计。我们在87名青少年中评估了Stroop颜色和单词测试的短期和长期稳定性。Stroop颜色和单词测试是Stroop原始任务的商业版本。参与者在基线时平均间隔一个月进行测试，每隔大约15个月进行两次测试。我们发现，所有常用的绩效指标都与实践效果有关，三个主要分数与可接受的信度有关，但公式推导的干扰分数与可接受的信度无关。

Using data acquired from adolescents enrolled in this study, we evaluated the inter-rater reliability, internal consistency and/or temporal reliability of a number of the test instruments. We assessed the internal consistency and temporal stability of Conner's Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) as a clinical tool for the assessment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) the CCPT in a sample of 51 adolescents, (19 with ADHD, 8 with ADHD and another disorder, and 24 controls). The CCPT has adequate split-half reliability, and performance was found to be moderately correlated over the span of 1.3 years. ADHD participants tended to perform worse than controls during the first, but not second, CCPT administration. The CCPT was found to be an insensitive indicator of diagnostic status and, while several CCPT performance measures correlated with parent ratings of ADHD symptomatology, the pattern of these correlations was largely independent of the interpretive guidelines provided in the test manual. We conclude that the poor diagnostic validity and the unclear functional relevance of CCPT scores might confound clinical interpretation of the CCPT. We assessed the inter-rater agreement and internal consistency of the Rey Complex Figure Test (RCFT) in a sample of adolescents enrolled in this study. We found each of the RCFT outcome measures to be associated with clinically acceptable inter-rater reliability estimates. Additionally, we found the copy and recall accuracy scores to be associated with clinically acceptable internal consistency. The organizational scoring method we evaluated, while associated with internal consistency that is acceptable for research purposes, was found to be somewhat below estimates associated with clinical acceptability. We assessed the short- and long-term stability of the Stroop Color and Word Test, a commercially-available version of Stroop s original task in 87 adolescents. Participants were tested an average of one month apart at baseline and twice more at approximately 15 month intervals. We found that all of the commonly used performance indices are associated with practice effects and that the three primary scores, but not the formula-derived interference score, were associated with acceptable reliability. Baseline data from participants in this longitudinal study were combined with data from other studies performed at NIMH on adolescents to examine whether face-emotion labeling deficits are illness-specific or an epiphenomenon of generalized impairment in pediatric psychiatric disorders involving mood and behavioral dysregulation. In total, data from two hundred fifty-two youths (718 years old) who had completed child and adult facial expression recognition subtests from the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy instrument were used. Forty-two participants had bipolar disorder, 39 had severe mood dysregulation (i.e., chronic irritability, hyperarousal without manic episodes), 44 had anxiety and/or major depressive disorders, 35 had attention-deficit/hyperactivity and/or conduct disorder, and 92 were controls. Dependent measures were number of errors labeling happy, angry, sad, or fearful emotions. We found that children with bipolar disorder and those with severe mood dysregulation made more errors than those presenting with anxiety and/or major depressive disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity and/or conduct disorder, or controls when labeling adult or child emotional expressions. Children with bipolar disorder and those with severe mood dysregulation did not differ in their emotion- labeling deficits. Therefore, we concluded that the face-emotion labeling deficits differentiate children with bipolar disorder and those with severe mood dysregulation from controls and those with anxiety and/or major depressive disorders or those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity and/or conduct disorder. The extent to which such deficits cause versus result from emotional dysregulation requires further study.