OKLAHOMA FAMILY HEALTH PATTERNS: A STUDY ACROSS GENERATIONS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 我们的长期目标是更好地了解有酗酒风险的人。 酒精成瘾有遗传和环境的贡献。 家庭患病率和收养研究表明，酗酒的风险是具有遗传成分的更基本特征的表现。 这项研究是基于这样的假设，即相对于低风险人群，酒精中毒高危人群中整合情绪行为的中枢神经系统过程发生了改变。 我们预测，改变的情绪处理将有三个标记，应该区分高风险的个人。 这些措施是：1）积极情绪与消极情绪的特征平衡，2）与情绪相关的应激激素皮质醇变化，3）与情绪相关的中枢激活变化，惊吓眨眼。 将在俄克拉荷马州市地区进行随机电话调查和广告宣传，以确定180名年龄在18-30岁之间的男性和女性，他们是低风险的，有负面的家族史和社交饮酒模式。 在研究I中，我们比较了使用标准范式的组，以检查惊吓眨眼幅度和惊吓的情绪调制，通常发生在消极和积极的情绪产生刺激。 在研究II中，我们扩展了这一范式，通过检查的情绪调制的惊吓眨眼连同皮质醇反应的负面情绪的挑战。 其他措施包括自我报告的情感状态，认知功能，并在赌博模拟的风险。 对事件的正常情感反应取决于额叶皮层和边缘系统区域之间的相互作用，而通过运动和内分泌反应的情绪表达取决于下丘脑和脑干的正常调节。 情感体验的一致变化，沿着外周生理反应的改变，可以为酒精中毒风险中情绪行为的潜在改变提供见解。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Our long-term goal is to develop a better understanding of persons at risk for alcoholism. Alcohol addiction has genetic and environmental contributions. Family prevalence and adoption studies indicated that the risk for alcoholism is an expression of more basic traits that have heritable components. This study is based on the hypothesis that central nervous system processes that integrate emotional behavior are altered in persons at high risk for alcoholism, relative to low risk persons. We predict that altered emotion processing will have three markers that should distinguish high risk individuals. These are: 1) the person's characteristic balance of positive to negative emotions, 2) emotion-related changes in the stress hormone, cortisol, and 3) a measure of emotion-related change in central activation, the startle eyeblink. Random telephone survey and advertising in the Oklahoma City area will be used to identify the 180 men and women, 18-30 years of age, who are low risk, having a negative family history and social drinking patterns. In Study I, we compare the groups using a standard paradigm to examine startle eyeblink magnitude and the emotion modulation of startle that normally occurs to negative and positive emotion-producing stimuli. In Study II, we extend that paradigm by examining the emotion modulation of the startle eyeblink together with cortisol responses to a negatively affective challenge. Other measures include self reported affective states, cognitive functioning, and risk taking in a gambling simulation. Normal affective response to events depends on interactions among the frontal cortex and limbic areas, while the expression of emotions via motoric and endocrine responses depends on normal regulation by the hypothalamus and brainstem. A finding of consistent changes in affective experience, along with altered peripheral physiological responses, can provide insights into the underlying alterations in emotional behavior in risk for alcoholism.