XAFS STUDIES OF BIOINORGANIC SYSTEMS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 硬X射线XAS研究将在金属蛋白、金属基药物、与金属诱发癌症相关的遗传毒性物种以及其他生物无机系统上进行。将进行血红素蛋白研究，其中Fe K边调查将重点放在小分子与血红素的结合上，以了解影响这种结合的因素是用作生物功能的开关，还是用于运输(或储存)小分子。K-EDGE CrXAS研究将用于确定与铬诱发癌症相关的活性铬(VI)、铬(V)和铬(IV)物种的冷冻溶液的结构。其中许多物种的活性太强，不能结晶，只能在溶液中以瞬变形式产生。同样，铬(III)络合物被用作膳食补充剂和潜在的抗糖尿病药物，但活性物种的特征很差。XAFS将用于表征具有生物分子的中间体，这些生物分子被认为与此类膳食补充剂的生物转化有关。金属离子与黑色素的结合是黑色素瘤细胞防止金属离子导致细胞死亡的重要途径，因为黑色素瘤细胞内含有相对较高浓度的过氧化氢，它与金属离子反应产生毒素，从而杀死细胞，从而阻止黑色素瘤的生长。因此，我们正在利用K-EDGE XAFS研究金属离子与黑色素的结合及其在L-多巴形成黑色素过程中的作用。最后，我们正在研究铜、镍和锌抗炎药物在药物制剂和人工胃液中的结构，以了解络合物的结构对其疗效和副作用的影响。通过了解它们在不同配方中的稳定性和结构，以及它们在模拟胃液中的生物转化，我们将优化药物配方，更好地了解这些药物的药理作用。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Hard X-ray XAS studies will be conducted on metalloproteins, metal-based drugs, genotoxic species of relevance to metal-induced cancers, and other bioinorganic systems. Heme protein studies will be conducted, in which Fe K-edge investigations will be focused on the binding of small molecules to the heme, in order to understand the factors that influence whether such binding is used as a switch in a biological function, or to transport (or store) the small molecule. K-edge Cr XAS studies will be used to determine the structures of frozen solutions of reactive Cr(VI), Cr(V) and Cr(IV) species of relevance to Cr-induced cancers. Many of these species are too reactive to be crystallized and can only be generated as transients in solution. Similarly, Cr(III) complexes are used as dietary supplements and potential anti-diabetics, but the active species are poorly characterized. XAFS will be used to characterize intermediates with biomolecules that are thought to be relevant to the biotransformations of such dietary supplements. The binding of metal ions to melanin is an important way in which melanoma cells prevent metal ions from leading to cell death, because melanoma cells contain relatively high intracellular concentration of H2O2 that reacts with metal ions to lead to toxins that would kill the cells and hence prevent the growth of melanomas. Hence are investigating the binding of metals ions to melanin and their roles in forming melanin from L-dopa using K-edge XAFS. Finally, we are investigating the structures of Cu, Ni and Zn anti-inflammatory drugs in pharmaceutical preparations and artificial gastric juices in order to understand how the structure of the complexes affects their efficacy and side-effects. By understanding their stabilities and structures in different formulations and their biotransformations in simulated gastric juices, we will optimize pharmaceutical formulations and gain a better understanding of the pharmacology of these drugs.