Alcohol Use in College Students:Cognition and fMRI

青少年，特别是大学生，有酗酒的高风险，但对大脑发育和功能的长期影响还没有得到很好的研究。在这项为期5年的提案中，研究者将从康涅狄格州2所人口统计学上不同的地方大学（中央康涅狄格州立大学和Trinity学院）招募总计2000名18-21岁的一年级学生（50%男性）。所有学生将在各自校园的基线上进行全面的认知任务，一些人在综合风险模型的背景下评估问题饮酒的风险，另一些人先前被确定为对青少年酒精滥用的影响敏感。所有参与者还将通过测量当前和过去酒精和药物使用的数量和模式，使用后果（例如情绪改变，DWI）和物质使用家族史的工具进行评估。学术成绩和SAT/ACT成绩将被记录。样本将按酒精使用模式分层，来自使用四分位数的共计300名代表性成员（来自最重四分位数的过度代表，尤其是暴食模式使用者）将在Olin神经精神病学研究中心接受4种功能性MRI（fMRI）范式的额外详细评估，评估a.海马完整性（虚拟迷宫空间记忆任务），B.工作记忆电路（修改的斯滕贝格范例），c.奖励预期（货币激励延迟任务）和d.抑制预强刺激（Go/No-Go任务）的能力，加上结构MRI和尿液毒理学测试。每月，所有参与者将完成基于网络的酒精和药物使用量和模式，情绪，生活事件，压力和使用的不良后果的评级。初始测试后两年，所有可用的参与者（约90%）将重复初始认知测试组合（使用替代测试表格）和详细的物质使用测量。在300名最初的fMRI参与者中，约85%的可用和愿意重复成像模式。三个首要目标是确定持续酒精和药物滥用的初始预测因素，检测酒精和药物相关的脑功能损害和认知问题的早期证据，并确定特定的饮酒模式，特别是暴饮暴食，是否与2年评估中的认知下降最相关。作为该项目的一部分，我们将测试大脑结构和功能如何解释风险与酒精/物质使用结果之间的关键关系的理论模型，采用数据融合的高度新颖的措施，以更好地实现总体目标。PI和他的合作者在本项目中使用的任务和程序方面拥有丰富的经验，包括基于网络的酒精使用跟踪。公共卫生相关性：美国大学生饮酒问题的风险很高。该项目将从康涅狄格州当地大学招募2000名一年级学生进行认知测试，fMRI扫描代表性的子样本，并通过基于网络的报告评估酒精和药物使用情况，为期2年，届时所有学生将重新测试/重新扫描。这项研究的结果将为问题饮酒的风险因素以及酒精使用如何影响青少年大脑发育提供重要见解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescents, especially college students, are at high risk for problem drinking, but the resulting long term consequences on brain development and function are not well studied. In this 5-year proposal, the investigators will recruit a total of 2000 18-21 year old first-year students (50% male) from 2 demographically distinct local colleges in CT; Central Connecticut State University and Trinity College. All students will be characterized at baseline at their respective campuses on a comprehensive battery of cognitive tasks, some assessing risk for problem drinking in the context of an integrative risk model and others previously identified as being sensitive to effects of alcohol abuse in adolescents. All participants will also be assessed on instruments measuring amount and patterns of current and past alcohol and drug use, consequences of use (eg mood alteration, DWI), and family history of substance use. Academic grades and SAT/ACT scores will be recorded. The sample will be stratified by alcohol use patterns and a total of 300 representative members derived from use quartiles (over-represented from the heaviest quartile, especially binge-pattern users) will undergo additional detailed assessment at the Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center on 4 functional MRI (fMRI) paradigms assessing a. hippocampal integrity (a virtual maze spatial memory task), b. working memory circuitry (a modified Sternberg paradigm), c. reward anticipation (a monetary incentive delay task) and d. ability to inhibit a pre-potent stimulus (a Go/No-Go task), plus structural MRI and urine toxicology testing. Monthly, all participants will complete web-based ratings of alcohol and drug use amounts and patterns, mood, life events, stress and adverse consequences of use. Two years post initial testing, all available participants (~90%) will repeat the initial cognitive test battery (using alternate test forms) and detailed substance use measures. Of the 300 initial fMRI participants, the ~85% available and willing will repeat the imaging paradigms. The 3 overarching aims are to identify initial predictors of persisting alcohol and drug abuse, to detect early evidence of alcohol and drug-related impairment of brain function & cognitive problems and to determine whether particular patterns of drinking, especially binging, are most associated with cognitive decline over the 2 yrs of assessment. As part of the project we will test a theoretical model of how brain structure and function explain key relationships between risk and alcohol/substance use outcome, incorporating highly novel measures using data fusion, in order to better accomplish the overall goals. The PI and his collaborators have extensive experience with the tasks and procedures used in this Project, including web-based tracking of alcohol use. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: US college students are at high risk for problem drinking. This project will recruit and test cognitively 2000 first-year students from local colleges in Connecticut, fMRI scan a representative sub-sample and assess alcohol and drug use by web-based reporting over 2 years, when all students will be retested/rescanned. Findings from this study will provide important insights on risk factors for problem drinking and how alcohol use impacts the developing adolescent brain.