Cognitive Consequences of Emotion

描述（由申请人提供）：情感是价值和紧迫性的体现。这样的注册在多个系统中同时发生，为该进程提供了多个窗口。情绪的认知后果提供了这样一个窗口。目的是了解情感反应的价值成分（善、恶的注册）的信息如何指导思维和其他认知过程。之前的研究发现，情绪会开启或关闭许多认知心理学教科书上的现象。通过与一位认知心理学家的合作，提出的研究建立在这一发现的基础上。在行为实验中，我们研究了情绪对人类在涉及错误记忆、启动、推理、分类和内隐学习的认知任务中的表现的影响。为了分离所涉及的过程，实验改变了情绪和情绪，并检查了跨文化研究中的文化影响。第二个目标是了解事件的紧迫性或重要性（记录为唤醒的情感反应）如何影响人们的记忆。通过与一位生物心理学家的合作，他们提出的研究主要建立在对动物进行的研究的基础上，研究情绪事件如何在长期记忆中获得优先权。我们将通过涉及情绪刺激、轻度压力任务和记忆调节药物（如肾上腺素、心得安）管理的实验来研究情绪记忆是如何变得不可磨灭的。因此，提出的研究集中在情绪反应的两个基本组成部分——效价和唤醒。问题是这些情感维度在人们如何思考、学习和记忆中扮演什么角色。迄今为止的研究结果表明，带有情感色彩的想法是令人信服和难忘的。拟议中的研究将采取下一步措施来检查这种情况发生的过程，这些过程对指导日常思想和行为以及许多美国人遭受的精神疾病致残状况至关重要。理解情感效价对于治疗抑郁、慢性焦虑和持续的失落感是至关重要的，并可能使他们感到痛苦和困惑。这项研究试图打开一扇新的窗口，揭示情感的唤醒维度如何控制人们的记忆。它将对治疗创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）至关重要，因为这些过程似乎是导致创伤重新经历的原因。这些问题不受经济或社会界限的限制。减少他们在生产力、公共资源和福祉方面的成本，等待着对这些情感认知后果的调查。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emotions are embodied registrations of value and urgency. Such registrations occur simultaneously in multiple systems, providing multiple windows on the process. The cognitive consequences of emotion provide one such window. The aim is to learn how the information from the value component of affective reactions (registrations of goodness, badness) direct thinking and other cognitive processes. Research in the prior period of support found that emotion turns on and off many of the textbook phenomena of cognitive psychology. Through collaboration with a cognitive psychologist, proposed research builds on this discovery. In behavioral experiments, we examine emotional influences on human performance on cognitive tasks involving false memories, priming, reasoning, categorization, and implicit learning. To isolate the processes involved, experiments vary moods and emotions and examine cultural influences in cross-cultural studies. A second goal is to learn how the urgency or importance of events (registered as affective reactions of arousal) govern what people remember. Through collaboration with a biological psychologist, proposed research build on research done mostly on animals, concerning how emotional events gain priority in long term memory. We will examine how emotional memories can become indelible by experiments involving emotional stimuli, mild stress tasks, and administration of memory-modulating drugs (e.g., epinephrine, propranolol). The proposed research is thus focused on the two basic components of emotional reactions - valence and arousal. The question is what role does each of these affective dimensions play in how people think and learn and what they remember. Findings to date show that thoughts tinged with affect are compelling and memorable. The proposed research takes the next step to examine the processes by which this occurs, processes that are fundamental to the guidance of everyday thought and behavior as well as to the disabling conditions of mental illness from which many Americans suffer. Understanding affective valence is essential for attacking the conditions of depression and chronic anxiety and the insistent feelings of loss and danger them painful and confusing. This research seeks to open a new window on how the arousal dimension of affect controls what people remember. It will be critical for attacking posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), because these appear to be the processes responsible for the debilitating re-experience of trauma. Such problems know no economic or social boundaries. Reducing their cost in productivity, public resources, and well-being awaits investigation of these cognitive consequences of emotion.