Etiology of Alcohol Use and Consequences Among Multi-Ethnic Urban Youth

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的项目将检查轨迹，后果和城市贫困青少年中酒精使用的多层次影响，明确比较不同种族和性别亚组的影响模式。拟议项目的长期成果是改进预防性干预措施，在不同的美国青年人口中有效地实现更大的有益效果。目前的综合理论模型提出，行为是由一系列广泛的宏观/远端到微观/近端的个人，社会和环境因素的影响，但迄今为止很少有研究包括变量在多个层次和多个领域，这里提出的，允许一个全面的研究发病的病因和轨迹之间的多种族群体的青少年饮酒。研究目的包括：（1）提高对种族和性别亚组酒精使用轨迹的多层次因素的理解，（2）比较不同种族和性别亚组中酒精使用开始年龄和初始中毒年龄对18岁时酒精使用的影响，（3）确定不同种族和性别亚组中酒精使用后果的相似性或差异，以及（4）评估北国芝加哥项目（PNC）干预的长期有效性及其在各亚组中的差异有效性。实现研究目标的方法包括：（1）成本有效地利用现有的纵向学生，家长，学校和社区水平的数据，包括对11至14岁的大多数少数群体的重复年度调查，这些调查已经由调查人员在以前的主要酒精预防试验中收集;（2）在研究对象年龄为17-18岁时进行邮件和网络跟踪调查;（3）先进的、多层次的、纵向的统计分析。该队列包括在6年级开始和结束时，7年级结束时和8年级结束时完成至少一次PNC调查的青少年（n = 5，812）。研究队列在芝加哥市的公立学校上学，大多是低社会经济地位（72%），主要是黑人（43%），西班牙裔（28%）和白色（13%）。公共卫生相关性：结果将显着提高黑人和西班牙裔青年之间的酒精使用轨迹的理解，并将指导适用于种族和性别亚组的理论的发展。最重要的是，这些成果将直接指导制定更加完善的干预措施，以提高效率和效力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed project will examine trajectories, consequences, and multiple levels of influences on alcohol use among urban poor adolescents, explicitly comparing patterns of effects across ethnic and gender subgroups. The long-term outcome of the proposed project is improved preventive interventions with larger beneficial effects efficiently achieved across the diverse population of U.S. youth. Current integrative theoretical models propose that behavior is influenced by a wide array of macro/distal to micro/proximal personal, social and environmental factors, yet few studies to date have included variables at multiple levels and from multiple domains, as proposed here, permitting a comprehensive study of the etiology of onset and trajectories of alcohol use among multi-ethnic groups of adolescents. Study aims include: (1) improve understanding of multilevel factors on trajectories of alcohol use by ethnic and gender subgroups, (2) compare effects of age of onset of alcohol use and age of initial intoxication on alcohol use at age 18 across ethnic and gender subgroups, (3) identify similarities or differences in consequences of alcohol use across ethnic and gender subgroups, and (4) assess the long-term effectiveness of the Project Northland Chicago (PNC) intervention and its differential effectiveness across subgroups. Methods to achieve the study aims include: (1) cost- effective utilization of existing longitudinal student, parent, school, and neighborhood-level data, including repeated annual surveys from a large majority-minority cohort ages 11 to 14 that have already been collected by the investigators in a previous major alcohol prevention trial; (2) implementation of a mail and web-based follow-up survey of the study cohort when they are age 17-18; and (3) advanced, multilevel, longitudinal statistical analyses. The cohort includes adolescents who completed at least one previous PNC survey when they were in the beginning and end of 6th grade, end of 7th grade, and end of 8th grade (n = 5,812). The study cohort attend public schools in the city of Chicago, are mostly low SES (72 percent), and primarily Black (43 percent), Hispanic (28 percent), and White (13 percent). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Results will significantly improve understanding of alcohol use trajectories among Black and Hispanic youth, and will guide development of theory applicable to ethnic and gender subgroups. Most importantly, results will directly guide the development of further refined interventions of increased efficacy and effectiveness.