Social contextual and environmental predictors of PA in sedentary minority adults

描述（由申请人提供）：PA的健康益处被广泛接受，有助于降低心血管疾病、糖尿病、中风、肥胖和某些癌症的风险。四分之一的成年人不运动，少数种族和少数民族的不运动率更高。生活在非支持性环境中的个体不太可能参与PA。这对于理解少数种族和少数民族的PA尤为重要，他们(a)比白人更不可能达到PA建议，(b)不成比例地生活在缺乏PA资源的社区。因此，需要更好地了解自然环境中的环境因素（例如，社区环境）以及它们如何影响少数种族和族裔儿童的心理社会过程（例如，压力）和阶段（例如，收养和抚养），以减少儿童收养方面的差异。因此，本研究的主要目的是使用调查、定性和最先进的生态瞬时评估（EMA）方法，纵向检查选定的社会心理、社会背景、客观和感知的物理环境因素对300名黑人和拉丁裔久坐成年人自我发起的生活方式中强度PA的影响。总的来说，参与者将被跟踪从他们开始自我发起的生活方式前一周到开始日期后的52周。他们将使用EMA连续跟踪3周，之后，参与者将在第8周、26周、39周和52周通过EMA和加速度计间隔1周进行评估。此外，参与者将接受体能、体脂、血压和体重指数的客观测量，并将收到先前测试过的干预工具（例如，计步器、PA处方计划和通讯）。参与者的地址和选择的社会经济和自然环境特征（如公园）也将使用地理信息系统（GIS）进行映射，以便进一步将他们的PA机会和资源置于背景中。本研究的主要目的是：1)考察社会环境因素、感知环境因素和客观环境因素对久坐少数民族成年人采用和维持自我发起的中等强度运动方式的影响；2)研究自我启动生活方式中强度PA过程中心理社会、社会情境、感知和客观环境因素的变化；3)考察所选择的社会心理因素在多大程度上调解或调节社会背景和环境因素的个体差异与PA之间的关系。很少有研究调查在少数民族群体中PA采用和维持的机制。拟议的研究将作出独特贡献，处理主要报告中关于减少健康差距的关键建议。公共卫生相关性：本研究的目的是阐明黑人和拉丁美洲人前列腺癌的社会和物理决定因素，以便通过制定针对其资源（社会和环境）、生活优先事项和主要关注点的癌症预防干预措施，最终减少前列腺癌差异，并增强我们对人们如何以及何时从启动到维持前列腺癌变化的认识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The health benefits of PA are widely accepted, aiding in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, obesity, and some cancers. One-fourth of adults are inactive with higher rates of inactivity among racial and ethnic minorities. Individuals who live in non-supportive environments are less likely to engage in PA. This may be particularly important for understanding PA in racial and ethnic minorities, who (a) are less likely than whites to meet PA recommendations and (b) disproportionately live in communities lacking PA resources. Thus, a greater understanding of environmental factors in the natural environment (e.g., community-based settings) and how they influence PA psychosocial processes (e.g., stress) and stages (e.g., adoption and maintenance) among racial and ethnic minorities are needed to reduce disparities in PA. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to use survey, qualitative, and state-of-the-science ecological momentary assessment (EMA) methods to longitudinally examine the influence of selected psychosocial, social contextual, and objective and perceived physical environmental factors on self-initiated lifestyle moderate-intensity PA in 300 black and Latino sedentary adults over a 1 year period. Overall, participants will be tracked from 1 week before they start self-initiated lifestyle moderate-intensity PA through 52 weeks after the start date. They will be tracked for 3 continuous weeks using EMA and after that time, participants will be assessed via EMA and accelerometer for 1-week intervals at weeks 8, 26, 39, and 52. In addition, participants will undergo objective measurements of fitness, body fat, blood pressure, and body mass index, and will receive previously-tested intervention tools (e.g., pedometers, PA prescription plan, and newsletters). Participants' address and select socioeconomic and physical environmental characteristics (e.g., parks) of each participant's neighborhood will also be mapped using geographic information systems (GIS) in order to further contextualize their PA opportunities and resources. The primary specific aims are to: 1) examine the influence of social contextual, and perceived and objective environmental factors on the adoption and maintenance of self-initiated lifestyle moderate-intensity PA among sedentary minority adults; 2) examine whether psychosocial, social contextual, and perceived and objective environmental factors change during the course of self-initiating lifestyle moderate-intensity PA; and 3) examine the extent to which selected psychosocial factors mediate or moderate the relationships between individual differences in social contextual and environmental factors and PA. There have been few studies examining the mechanism underlying PA adoption and maintenance in minority populations. The proposed study will make a unique contribution, addressing key recommendations from major reports on reducing health disparities. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The purpose of this study is to elucidate the social and physical determinants of PA in blacks and Latinos in order to ultimately reduce PA disparities by developing cancer prevention interventions that address their resources (both social and environmental), life priorities, and chief concerns, and to enhance our knowledge of how and when people move from initiating to maintaining a change in PA.