Alcohol and HIV risk: Genetic and endophenotype approaches

饮酒是艾滋病毒传播的一个重要的行为辅助因素。联盟 酒精与性风险行为在高危青少年中表现得尤其明显， 包括判定的青少年，他们由于饮酒率高和合并症而处于特别危险的境地。 精神疾病性风险行为的理论模型几乎依赖于 专门从社会认知的角度进行研究。关于生物学对艾滋病毒风险影响的基本知识 行为，包括与酒精有关的冒险行为，几乎不存在。外部化行为 青春期和青年期表现出共同的遗传素质，表明共同的生物学和/或 气质的影响特别是，一系列遗传病的共同遗传风险 外化行为，包括性行为，归因于一个高度遗传的因素， 行为去抑制最近的研究 将特定的遗传变异与认知、行为和神经生物学表型联系起来， 行为抑制解除和外化障碍。考虑到中脑边缘多巴胺系统在奖赏相关的 行为和风险为基础的决策，基因与多巴胺能功能的影响， 高优先级候选人。这项研究的目的是评估遗传因素， 饮酒、性风险行为和其他外化行为的常见风险，和/或B） 酒精使用与艾滋病风险行为的关系。这项研究将在一个 前瞻性研究酒精和艾滋病毒风险的遗传和神经生物学相关性， 判定的青少年（R 01 AA 017390 -01）。分析将检查遗传对酒精使用，艾滋病毒 风险行为和外化行为使用冲动/去抑制作为一个合理的内表型。 关于DRD 4 VNTR多态性对酒精相关性糖尿病的调节作用的具体假设 将评估性风险行为。该项目响应了综合和 翻译方法的研究酒精和艾滋病毒的风险，将有助于基本信息 关于遗传因素和相关的行为特征，可能会使一些人处于更高的风险 通过外化行为的倾向，包括饮酒，感染艾滋病毒。

Alcohol use Is a significant behavioral cofactor for HIV transmission. The association of alcohol with sexual risk behavior appears especially strong among high-risk adolescents, including adjudicated adolescents, who are at particular risk due to high rates of alcohol use and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Theoretical models of sexual risk behavior rely almost exclusively on social-cognitive perspectives. Basic knowledge about biological influences on HIV risk behavior, including alcohol-related risk taking, is virtually non-existent. Externalizing behaviors in adolescence and young adulthood show a common genetic diathesis, suggesting common biological and/or temperamental influences. In particular, shared genetic risk for a spectrum of externalizing behaviors, including sexual behavior, is attributed to a highly heritable factor reflecting behavioral disinhibition. Recent research has linked specific genetic variants to cognitive, behavioral and neurobiological phenotypes associated with behavioral disinhibition and externalizing disorders. Given the importance of the mesolimbic dopamine system in reward-related behavior and risk-based decision-making, genes with implications for dopaminergic function are high-priority candidates. The goal of the proposed research is to evaluate genetic factors that may a) predict common risk for alcohol use, sexual risk behavior and other externalizing behaviors, and/or b) moderate the association of alcohol use and HIV risk behavior. This research will take place in the context of a prospective investigation of genetic and neurobiological correlates of alcohol and HIV risk-taking among adjudicated adolescents (R01AA017390-01). Analyses will examine genetic influences on alcohol use, HIV risk behaviors and externalizing behaviors using impulsivity/disinhibition as a plausible endophenotype. Specific hypotheses concerning the moderating effect of the DRD4 VNTR polymorphism on alcohol-related sexual risk behavior will be evaluated. This project, which responds to the need for integrative and translational methods in studies of alcohol and HiV risk, will contribute basic information about genetic factors and related behavioral characteristics that may place some individuals at elevated risk for HIV via the propensity for externalizing behaviors, including alcohol use.