Statistical Methods In Human Development/clinical Studies

对于ADHD，基于几年前在当地学区完成的病例对照研究，我们提交了一份关于小学儿童ADHD患病率的手稿。 使用我们的流行病学病例定义，该学区1-5年级的儿童中有15.5%患有ADHD。虽然高于许多估计，但我们的研究是基于对学校中所有儿童的系统筛查，因此涵盖了可能不会在涉及临床诊断的研究中进行评估的儿童。 未来的工作将解决母亲在怀孕期间的压力作为ADHD的一个可能的危险因素。(see Z01 ES 49034; PI Dale Sandler，EB 我们使用农业健康研究的数据来检查特定农药作为ALS的风险因素。一般的有机氯和狄氏剂，特别是显示与ALS的关联的证据，虽然案件数量少，估计精度有限。 我们正计划与杜克大学和达勒姆退伍军人管理医院的研究人员合作，利用美国退伍军人病例对照研究的数据，研究军事和职业暴露作为ALS的危险因素。(see Z01 ES 49005; LI Freya Kamel，EB） 我们在农业健康研究中进行了一项病例对照研究，以研究帕金森病与环境风险因素，特别是某些农药暴露之间的关系。我们也在寻找选定的候选基因作为易感因素。这项研究采用了农业健康研究的数据以及专门为此目的收集的其他问卷数据和实地样本。我们已经报道，当受试者携带某些α-突触核蛋白遗传变异时，与头部损伤相关的帕金森病的风险急剧增加。数据分析正在进行中。(see Z01 ES 44007 EB; LI Freya Kamel，EB） 费城儿童医院正在收集大豆雌激素对新生儿发育影响的研究数据。我们目前正在与两个商业实验室和CDC合作，以解决睾酮测量的一些实验室间差异。 我们也在描述婴儿阴道和尿道上皮细胞学评估方法的性能。 (see Z01 ES 44006 EB; PI Walter Rogan，EB）

For ADHD, based on a case-control study completed several years ago in a local school district, we have submitted a manuscript on ADHD prevalence among elementary school children. Using our epidemiologic case definition, 15.5% of children in grades 1-5 in this school district had ADHD. Though higher than many estimates, ours is based on systematic screening of all children in the schools and so captures children who may not be evaluated in studies involving clinical diagnoses. Future work will address maternal stress during pregnancy as a possible risk factor for ADHD. (see Z01 ES49034; PI Dale Sandler, EB We have used data from the Agricultural Health study to examine specific pesticides as risk factors for ALS. Organochlorines in general and dieldrin in particular showed evidence of association with ALS although the small number of cases limited precision of estimation. We are planning to examine military and occupational exposures as risk factors for ALS in collaboration with researchers at Duke University and the Durham Veterans Administration Hospital using data from a case-control study of U.S. veterans. (see Z01 ES49005; LI Freya Kamel, EB) We have carried out a case-control study nested within the Agricultural Health Study to examine associations between Parkinson's disease and environmental risk factors, particularly certain pesticide exposures. We are also looking at selected candidate genes as susceptibility factors. This study employs data from the Agricultural Health Study as well as additional questionnaire data and field samples collected expressly for this effort. We have reported that the risk of Parkinson's disease associated with head injury increases dramatically when the subject carries certain alpha-synuclein genetic variants. Analysis of data is ongoing. (see Z01 ES44007 EB; LI Freya Kamel, EB) Data collection for a study of the effects of soy estrogen on neonatal development is underway at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. We are currently working with two commercial laboratories and the CDC to resolve some interlaboratory differences in testosterone measurements. We are also characterizing the performance of methods for cytological assessment of vaginal and urethral epithelium in infants. (see Z01 ES44006 EB; PI Walter Rogan, EB)