Neurogenetics of Vision

视觉神经遗传学 项目总结 遗传学，特别是基于遗传的方法，如转基因和病毒，使研究人员能够 在视网膜和大脑中所需的神经元集合中表达感兴趣的蛋白质，对于显著 现代基础视觉神经科学的进展和视觉障碍的治疗。过去十年 带来了广泛而强大的基因工具，用于识别组成视觉的神经元 苍蝇和啮齿动物的系统。因为它们能够运送范围广泛的基因货物，所以这种工具还可以 用于对感兴趣的细胞进行选择性操作。事实上，与仅仅十年前相比，今天是 直接标记体内给定的细胞类型，从而直观地显示其独特的形态，然后比较 它对不同类型的其他细胞进行选择性靶向，用于电生理、钙或电压染料成像， 然后可逆地让它们沉默或激活它们。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，可以利用遗传工具来探索 不同细胞类型中存在的RNA表达的特征模式，以便探索它们的同源性 物种和/或与人类疾病相关的突变。

NEUROGENETICS OF VISION PROJECT SUMMARY Genetics and in particular, genetic-based approaches such as transgenes and viruses that enable researchers to express proteins of interest in desired sets of neurons in the retina and brain, are pivotal to make significant progress in modern basic visual neuroscience and toward the treatment of visual disorders. The last decade has brought forth a wide and powerful arsenal of genetic tools for identifying the neurons that comprise the visual system of flies and rodents. Because they enable delivery of a wide range of gene cargo, such tools also allow for selective manipulation of cells of interest. Indeed, in comparison to just a decade ago, nowadays it is straightforward to label a given cell type in vivo, and thereby visualize its unique morphology, and then compare it to other cells of different types, selectivity target them for electrophysiology, calcium- or voltage-dye imaging, and then reversibly silence or activate them. Last but not least, genetic tools can be leveraged to explore the signature pattern of RNA expression present in different cell types in order to probe their homology across species and/or relevance to mutations associated with human diseases.