Neural processes of speech planning

项目摘要 中枢神经系统（CNS）密切监测语音产生过程中的听觉反馈。这 监控过程对于学习产生语音和维护语音产生系统至关重要。 此外，口吃和几种语言障碍与监测缺陷有关。因此，在本发明中， 理解言语监测的神经机制对于发展和完善理论至关重要 以及发展理论驱动的治疗方法。当前型号的 演讲完全集中在监控过程中的讲话生产，并没有解释如果和如何 CNS在语音启动之前优化听觉系统以进行语音监测。这种调节 这些机制对于理解口吃尤其重要，因为大多数口吃事件发生在 单词的最初声音/音节，突出口吃个体的准备机制不足。这 一项研究计划旨在阐明言语起始前发生的预测性调节机制。 我们假设中枢神经系统使用一个主动的过程，在这个过程中，运动预测最佳地调节听觉信号。 系统在语音启动之前进行有效的语音监控。通过结合脑电图（EEG） 和语音声学在创新的实验范式的背景下，我们提出了一个研究计划， 研究言语前调制现象的三个主要方面，将对言语前调制产生直接的理论意义 和长期的临床意义。拟议的研究将a）大大扩大我们对以下方面的认识： 优化语音监测的预测机制，以及B）通过以下方式告知语音产生理论： 提供一个（目前缺失）的帐户如何中枢神经系统优化听觉系统，以实现有效的 语音监控重要的是，考虑到我们以前的报告，缺乏言语前调制的个人， 口吃，这项研究计划将提供一个坚实的基础，为后续的R 01建议，以审查 言语前感觉调制在口吃神经生物学基础中的作用。最后，我们的发现将 为全新的治疗技术铺平了道路（例如，神经反馈训练和无创 神经刺激），其具体地将言语前调制作为有希望的神经靶点。

PROJECT SUMMARY The central nervous system (CNS) closely monitors auditory feedback during speech production. This monitoring process is critical for learning to produce speech and maintaining the speech production system. Moreover, stuttering and several speech disorders are associated with deficits in monitoring. Thus, understanding neural mechanisms of speech monitoring is critical for development and refinement of theories of speech production and stuttering, as well as, for development of theory-driven treatments. Current models of speech have focused entirely on monitoring processes during speech production and do not explain if and how the CNS optimizes the auditory system prior to speech initiation for speech monitoring. Such modulatory mechanisms are especially fundamental to the understanding of stuttering, as most stuttering events occur on the initial sound/syllable of words, highlighting deficient preparatory mechanisms in stuttering individuals. This program of research aims at elucidating predictive modulatory mechanisms occurring before speech initiation. We hypothesize that the CNS uses an active process in which motor predictions optimally adjust the auditory system prior to speech initiation for effective speech monitoring. By combining electroencephalography (EEG) and speech acoustics in the context of innovative experimental paradigms, we propose a program of research to study three main aspects of the phenomenon of pre-speech modulation that will have immediate theoretical and long-term clinical implications. The proposed studies will a) substantially expand our knowledge of predictive mechanisms that optimize speech monitoring, and b) inform theories of speech production by providing a (currently missing) account of how the CNS optimizes the auditory system to accomplish effective speech monitoring. Importantly, given our previous reports of lack of pre-speech modulation in individuals who stutter, this program of research will provide a strong foundation for a follow-up R01 proposal to examine contributions of pre-speech sensory modulation in neurobiological bases of stuttering. Finally, our findings will pave the way for completely novel therapeutics techniques (e.g., neuro-feedback training and noninvasive neuro-stimulation) that specifically target pre-speech modulation as a promising neural target.