Race, Stress and Dysregulated Eating: Maternal to Child Transmission of Obesity

描述（由申请人提供）：在肥胖问题上日益扩大的种族差异已经达到了一个关键的节点，尤其是在黑人和白人女性之间。肥胖现在正代代相传。虽然关于如何最好地预防肥胖和相关的种族差异还不确定，但越来越多的证据支持压力对肥胖的影响。我们假设收入和种族与更高水平的客观压力和感知压力有关，这反过来又与更高比例的饮食失调有关，这种行为被认为会导致肥胖率的增加。最后，我们提出压力对后代的肥胖水平有直接影响。我们建议使用国家成长和健康研究（NGHS）对这些关系进行纵向建模，该研究招募了相同数量的黑人和白人女孩，并包含了广泛的生活压力测量，非稳态饮食，家庭人口统计和社会经济指标以及黑人和白人女孩的心脏代谢风险因素，最初取样于10岁，每年采访一次，直到20岁。我们将扩展这些数据，为现在36岁的妇女及其子女增加一波新的数据收集。我们将采访参与者，了解他们目前的压力水平、家庭食品不安全、饮食限制和暴饮暴食等饮食失调行为，并收集他们的饮食摄入量和身体活动数据。我们将收集这些妇女及其子女的体重测量值、中心肥胖和代谢综合征的临床测量值。基于NGHS提供的丰富的纵向数据来源，我们将对这些因素和这些妇女及其子女从幼儿期到成年期的体重状况之间的关系进行建模，以检验累积压力、饮食行为和肥胖对下一代肥胖的影响。该研究旨在验证以下假设：1)压力和饮食失调导致肥胖率上升，而食品不安全又加剧了肥胖率上升；2)母亲应激和饮食失调对后代肥胖水平和代谢综合征指标有直接影响；而且，种族和收入与女性较高的压力水平和饮食失调有关。我们的初步数据表明，在NGHS队列中，压力会导致10年后体重过度增加。我们将确定从童年到成年体重增加轨迹的预测因素。这些结构有可能导致有希望的干预措施，加上传统饮食和体育活动的组成部分，将

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The growing racial disparity in obesity has reached a critical juncture, particularly among black and white females. Obesity is now being perpetuated across generations. While there is uncertainty about how best to prevent obesity and the related racial disparities, converging lines of evidence support the influence of stress on obesity. We hypothesize that income and race are associated with higher levels of both objective and perceived stress, which in turn are associated with higher rates of dysregulated eating, a behavior posited to result in an increased rate of obesity. Finally, we propose that stress has a direct effect on the level of obesity in the offspring. We propose to model these relationships longitudinally using the National Growth and Healthy Study (NGHS) that enrolled equal numbers of black and white girls and that contains extensive measures of life stress, nonhomeostatic eating, household demographic and socioeconomic indicators and cardiometabolic risk factors for black and white girls initially sampled at age 10 and interviewed annually until age 20. We will extend these data, adding a new wave of data collection for the women who are now 36 and their children. We will interview participants regarding their current levels of stress, household food insecurity, dysregulated eating behaviors such as dietary restraint and overeating, and collect data on dietary intake and physical activity. We will collect measured weight and central adiposity and clinical measures of metabolic syndrome on both the women and their children. Building on the rich source of longitudinal data that NGHS provides, we will model relationships between these factors and weight status from early childhood to adulthood among these women and their children in order to examine the effects of cumulative stress, eating behaviors and obesity on obesity in the next generation. The study aims to test the hypotheses that: 1) stress and dysregulated eating results in an increased rate of obesity, exacerbated by food insecurity; 2) maternal stress and dysregulated eating have a direct effect on the level of obesity and markers of metabolic syndrome in offspring; and, 3) race and income are associated with higher levels of stress and dysregulated eating in women. Our preliminary data suggests that stress leads to excessive weight gain ten years later in the NGHS cohort. We will identify predictors of weight gain trajectories from childhood to adulthood. These constructs have the potential to lead to promising interventions coupled with traditional diet and physical activity components that will help girls and women throughout the life course.