Cell-type specific characterization of neuronal activity throughout V1

摘要 为了约束和测试V1的模型，我们需要全面地表征V1的生理反应 神经元及其在所有六个皮质层的主要输入。然而，对神经元胞体或轴突进行成像 在大脑皮层深处，这仍然是一个重大的技术挑战。冀实验室在以下方面取得了关键突破 应用自适应光学矫正活体双光子荧光的脑诱发光学像差 显微镜，这样轴突、突起和神经元的活动就可以在整个皮质深度被捕捉到。 利用贝塞尔聚焦扫描技术，纪万昌实验室还展示了高速(30赫兹)体积钙 体内突触分辨率成像。在清醒的老鼠身上，在不同的大脑状态下，这些技术将 用于测量大脑皮质神经元及其主要感觉和调制输入的神经活动。 对包括自然电影在内的一组协调一致的视觉刺激做出反应，以严格测试模型预测。 结合随后的体外功能连接图谱和后HOC细胞类型鉴定，我们将 第一次生成数据集，其中V1内的每个神经元都通过其位置来描述对 已知的刺激、连接模式和细胞类型，以指导和验证建模项目。

SUMMARY To constrain and test models of V1, we need to comprehensively characterize the physiological responses of neurons as well as their main inputs in all six cortical layers. However, imaging neuronal cell bodies or axons deep in the cortex has remained a major technical challenge. The Ji lab made critical breakthroughs in applying adaptive optics to correct brain-induced optical aberrations for in vivo two-photon fluorescence microscopy, so that the activity of axons, boutons, and neurons can be captured across the full depth of cortex. Using Bessel focus scanning technology, the Ji lab also demonstrated high speed (30 Hz) volumetric calcium imaging with synaptic resolution in vivo. In awake mice and under different brain states, these technologies will be used to measure neural activity of both cortical neurons and their main sensory and modulatory inputs in response to a concerted set of visual stimuli including natural movies to rigorously test model predictions. Combined with subsequent in vitro functional connectivity mapping and post hoc cell type identification, we will generate, for the first time, datasets where every neuron within V1 is described by its location, responses to known stimuli, connectivity pattern, and cell type, to guide and validate the modeling projects.