Occupational Safety and Health Research (R01)

摘要 该提案涉及NIOSH部门的医疗和社会援助(HCSA)计划(NAICS 62)，并具有重要意义 免疫、传染病和皮肤病预防(IID)部门的组成部分。超过2100万人 在美国，HCSA计划覆盖的疾病和职业性IID疾病是影响 他们的安全和健康。个人防护用品(PPE)作为主要的干预手段，对医护人员来说至关重要。 (HCW)健康和安全。然而，无效的个人防护装备会使卫生工作者和患者面临感染传播的风险。 药物，不仅通过与血液和体液直接接触，而且通过微生物渗透屏障织物， 以及气溶胶和水滴的传播。由于保护方面的限制，目前的个人防护设备不能很好地适应医务工作者的需要。 和舒适性，如道夫过程中的自我污染，配合性差和呼吸器提供的向内泄漏风险，都不够 捕获空气传播的病原体，通过材料沟通困难，潜在的液体渗透，以及糟糕的 执行试穿和调整尺寸。现行个人防护装备的局限性已导致卫生工作者在对抗 最近爆发的埃博拉、非典和新冠肺炎等疫情。这个项目的总体目标是开发改进的个人防护设备 注重自我净化功能的卫生工作者。在这个项目中，我们将开发具有自主知识产权的新型纺织材料 净化物业。然后，我们将把现有的材料和在这个项目中开发的材料应用到 隔离服和呼吸器。一种新的设计方法将被应用于创造一种新的、无缝的、自去污的个人防护设备 与任何目前可用的个人防护设备相比，该系统具有更好的舒适性、适合性和功能。证据是- 基于设计流程将结合三维(3D)身体扫描和运动学运动分析，以实现 极大地提高了穿戴性能和功能。我们将使用最近开发和验证的Facesal概念来 开发一种由杀生材料制成的过滤式面罩(FFR)，它将有近乎完美的贴合度。一个模拟的 将确定新口罩的工作场所保护系数(SWPF)。整体个人防护装备性能设计将 使用仪表化人体模型、专门设计的人体试验和性能测试进行评估。所获得的数据 从这些评价中，将应用于进一步改进新开发的PPE组件。多学科团队 已做好充分准备，具备纤维/聚合物方面的成熟知识和成功记录，能够开展拟议的工作 科学，纺织，个人防护装备设计和性能评估，呼吸器设计，气雾剂研究，运动生理学和 运动学。合作机构中最先进的设施和设备非常适合履行 研究目的。临床医生和流行病学家将担任该项目的顾问，提供见解和第一手资料 个人防护用品的实施和使用经验。该提议的项目意义重大，因为它采用了NIOSH R2P 从根本上指导新型PPE材料和终端产品的开发并提供技术基础 在绩效考核方法上。这项工作的完成将提高个人防护工程在减少 职业性IID病和以解决HCSA传染病传播的中期目标为目标 扇区。这一拟议项目的最终结果将使数百万卫生工作者受益，并节省数十亿医疗费用。

ABSTRACT This proposal addresses NIOSH sector of Healthcare and Social Assistance (HCSA) program (NAICS 62) and significant components of the Immune, Infectious and Dermal Disease Prevention (IID) cross sector. Over 21 million people are covered by the HCSA program in the United States and occupational IID diseases are of the most common illnesses affecting their safety and health. Personal protective equipment (PPE) as major intervention means is critical for healthcare workers’ (HCWs) health and safety. However, ineffective PPE can place HCWs and patients at risk of transmission of infectious agents, not only through direct contact with blood and body fluids, but also via microbial penetration through barrier fabrics, and aerosol and droplet transmission. Current PPE is not ideally suited to the needs of HCWs due to limitations in protection and comfort, such as self-contamination during doffing, poor fit and inward leakage risks offered by respirators, insufficient capture of airborne pathogens, difficulties in communication through materials, potential fluid penetration, and poorly executed fit and sizing. Limitations of current PPE have resulted in infections and mortalities of HCWs in fighting against recent outbreaks such as Ebola, SARS, and COVID-19. The overall goal of this project is to develop improved PPE for HCWs with an emphasis on self-decontaminating function. In this project, we will develop new textile materials with self- decontaminating property. Then, we will apply both the existing material and those materials developed in this project to isolation gown and respirator. A novel design approach will be applied to create a new, seamless, self-decontaminating PPE system with superior comfort, fit, and functionality compared with those of any currently available PPE. The evidence- based design process will incorporate three-dimensional (3D) body scanning and kinematic motion analysis to achieve greatly improved wearability and functionality. We will use the recently developed and validated Faceseal concept to develop a filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) made of biocidal material that will have a close-to-perfect fit. A Simulated Workplace Protection Factor (SWPF) will be determined for the new respirator. The overall PPE performance design will be evaluated using instrumented manikins, specifically designed human trials, and performance testing. The data obtained from these evaluations will be applied to further improve the newly-developed PPE components. The multidisciplinary team is well prepared to carry out the proposed work with established knowledge and successful track records in fiber/polymer science, textiles, PPE design and performance evaluation, respirator design, aerosol research, and exercise physiology and kinesiology. The state-of-the-art facilities and equipment across the collaborating institutes are ideally suited to fulfill the research aims. Clinicians and epidemiologists will serve as consultants on the project, offering insights and firsthand experiences of PPE implementation and utilization. This proposed project is significant since it embraces NIOSH r2p initiative by fundamentally directing novel PPE material and end products development and providing the technical basis in performance evaluation methods. The completion of the work will raise the horizon of PPE engineering in reducing occupational IID diseases and targeting the intermediate goal of addressing infectious disease transmission in the HCSA sector. The end outcomes of this proposed project will benefit millions of HCWs and save billions of healthcare costs.