A longitudinal study of Puerto Rican children and the impact of adverse childhood experiences on the development of cognitive control and risk for substance use disorders

项目摘要 此K 08应用程序旨在描述不良童年经历（ACE）暴露如何变化 认知控制、相关脑功能和物质使用障碍（SUD）风险的子成分。改进 了解ACE对认知控制和SUD风险的影响在波多黎各特别重要 由于这一群体的ACE发生率更高，SUD治疗结局更差， 一般美国人群，在SUD和神经生物学研究中代表性不足。五年K 08 申请提出了一个研究和培训计划，将支持申请人的道路上， 成为一名独立的研究者，专注于研究SUD风险的发展， 发展认知神经科学方法。培训计划建立在候选人以前的经验基础上 培训和利用优秀的导师团队和研究环境， 发展候选人在以下方面的专业知识：（1）收集，分析和解释纵向儿科 功能磁共振成像数据; 2）儿童少数群体的SUD风险;（3）认知和神经功能的计算建模。 发展过程;（4）负责任地进行科学研究。该项目将调查 ACE对认知控制亚成分和相关脑活动发展的影响 额顶叶（FPN）和扣带-鳃盖（CON）网络在认知控制性能任务和 休息（目标1），以及ACE相关的发育变化与SUD风险之间的关系（目标2）。我们 假设ACE的增加将导致（1）证据积累的速度较慢（即漂移率， 计算模型参数），（2）关键FPN节点的活动更大，以及（3） FPN和CON节点和其他区域。此外，这些行为和神经变化将与 SUD的风险增加。目前，拟议的研究参与者已在NIH环境研究中心注册。 对儿童健康结局（ECHO）研究的影响，该研究将收集认知控制措施和MRI 290名儿童的数据。在此结构的基础上，我们建议选择一个子样本（n=76）的儿童，均匀 在基线累积ACE评分的整个范围内进行抽样，并邀请他们参加随访 考核测量认知控制性能、认知任务性能期间的大脑活动以及 休息，父母和自我报告的SUD风险相关的行为将被收集。数据来自 拟议的研究将导致未来的R 01应用程序检查认知控制的持续发展， 大脑活动和SUD风险，以及这些儿童的物质使用模式和SUD的发展 成为青少年。总之，研究和培训经验和专业知识，通过这一发展， K 08奖将支持申请人过渡到研究独立，并确保申请人成为 SUD风险的发展认知神经科学的权威，专注于ACE的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY This K08 application aims to characterize how exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) changes sub-components of cognitive control, related brain function, and substance use disorder (SUD) risk. Improved understanding of the impact of ACEs on cognitive control and SUD risk is of particular importance in the Puerto Rican community, as this group has higher rates of ACEs and worse SUD treatment outcomes than the general US population, and is underrepresented in SUD and neurobiological studies. This five-year K08 application presents a program for research and training that will support the applicant on a path towards becoming an independent investigator, focused on studying the development of SUD risk using a developmental cognitive neuroscience approach. The training plan builds on the candidate's prior experience and training and capitalizes on an outstanding mentorship team and research environment to foster the development of the candidate's expertise in (1) collection, analysis and interpretation of longitudinal pediatric fMRI data; 2) SUD risk in a pediatric minority population; (3) computational modeling of cognitive and neuro- developmental processes; (4) responsible conduct of scientific research. This project will investigate the influence of ACEs on the development of sub-components cognitive control and related brain activity in the frontoparietal (FPN) and cingulo-opercular (CON) networks during a cognitive control performance task and at rest (Aim 1), and the relationship between ACE-related changes in development and SUD risk (Aim 2). We hypothesize that increased ACEs will lead to (1) a slower rate of evidence accumulation (i.e. drift rate, a computational model parameter), (2) greater activity in key FPN nodes, and (3) increased connectivity between FPN and CON nodes and other regions. Furthermore, these behavioral and neural changes will be associated with increased risk for SUD. Currently, the proposed study participants are enrolled in the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) study, which will collect cognitive control measures and MRI data on 290 children. Building on this structure, we propose to select a subsample (n=76) of children, evenly sampled across the full range of baseline cumulative ACE scores, and invite them to participate in a follow up assessment. Measures of cognitive control performance, brain activity during cognitive task performance and rest, and parental- and self-report of SUD-risk related behaviors will be collected. Data yielded from the proposed study will lead to a future R01 application examining continued development of cognitive control, brain activity and SUD risk, as well as the development of substance use patterns and SUD as these children become adolescents. Together, the research and training experiences and expertise developed through this K08 award will support the applicant's transition to research independence and ensure the applicant becomes a leading authority in the developmental cognitive neuroscience of SUD risk, focusing on the impact of ACEs.