Investigating the Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Error Monitoring in Aphasia

摘要/摘要 据估计，每年约有18万新的失语症病例，其中大部分是由中风引起的，失语症是一种后天语言障碍。 患有失语症的中风幸存者在说话时经常出错，而且通常在识别自己的语言能力方面存在障碍 言语错误。成功监测一个人的言语错误，称为言语错误监测(SEM) 改善有效的沟通，因此是治疗的一个重要的预期目标。然而，目标是 失语症患者的认知和神经调节因子较差，因此失语症的认知和神经调节因子在失语症的治疗中是困难的 明白了。这项建议解决了我们对失语症患者认知结构的两个主要空白： 失语症患者认知功能障碍的认知控制(目标1)，以及与失语症患者认知障碍相关的功能性脑网络 失语症患者(目标2)。 到目前为止，对失语症的结构方程的研究主要集中在语言特异性介体的作用上，例如， 听觉理解，假设糟糕的结构记忆是由特定领域的言语或语言缺陷造成的。 尽管研究人员一致认为，认知控制依赖于并招募了认知控制，但认知控制在 失语症患者的认知控制缺陷是否会导致结构记忆障碍，目前尚不清楚。这项建议 本研究探讨了认知控制能力的不同方面，以发现它们作为结构记忆的中介变量的作用。我们 预测失语症患者与语言相关的认知控制不良会导致失语症患者的结构记忆障碍。神经学 失语症的结构记忆损伤的介体几乎没有被研究过，但是来自健康参与者的证据。 支持前扣带回皮质(ACC)作为自我监测的关键区域。因为ACC很少 在失语症患者身上有损害，是与许多大脑区域相互作用的动态网络的一部分，我们 预测由于中风导致语言网络之间的交流中断，扫描电子显微镜效果不佳 和反腐败委员会。 这项前瞻性的横断面研究将收集50名失语症患者和50岁的数据。 配对对照，使用言语中的错误监测措施，认知控制任务的表现，以及 口语发音和理解的测量方法。语言网络将在个人地图上绘制 使用已知可可靠激活个体语言网络的有效功能磁共振任务的受试者 对于失语症，将使用静息状态数据来确定ACC和语言之间的连接性 区域与错误监控性能有关。研究假设为：(1)两种语言相关的认知 控制和非语言认知控制得分将与结构方程相关，(2)结构方程将与结构方程相关 与残留语言网络与行政协调会的连接有关。这项研究将阐明行为和 扫描电子显微镜的神经介质，它可能成为未来结合扫描电子显微镜的治疗的靶点。

Abstract/Summary Stroke causes most of the estimated 180,000 yearly new cases of aphasia, an acquired language impairment. Stroke survivors with aphasia often make errors when speaking, and are generally impaired at detecting their speech errors. Successful monitoring of one’s speech errors, referred to as Speech Error Monitoring (SEM) improves effective communication, and thus is an important prospective target for therapy. However, targeting SEM in therapy is currently difficult because the cognitive and neural mediators of SEM in aphasia are poorly understood. This proposal addresses two major gaps in our understanding of SEM in aphasia: the role of cognitive control in poor SEM in aphasia (Aim 1), and the functional brain networks responsible for SEM in people with aphasia (Aim 2). To date, research on SEM in aphasia has focused on the role of language-specific mediators, e.g., auditory comprehension, assuming that poor SEM results from a domain-specific speech or language deficit. Although researchers agree that SEM relies on and recruits cognitive control, which is also impaired in aphasia, it remains unknown whether cognitive control deficits contribute to SEM impairments. This proposed study probes different aspects of cognitive control abilities to discover their role as mediators of SEM. We predict that poor language-related cognitive control contributes to impaired SEM in aphasia. The neural mediators of SEM impairments in aphasia are virtually unexplored, but evidence from healthy participants supports the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a region critical for self-monitoring. Since the ACC is rarely lesioned in people with aphasia, and is part of a dynamic network that interacts with many brain regions, we predict that poor SEM results from stroke-induced disruption of communication between the language network and the ACC. This prospective cross sectional study will gather data on 50 individuals with aphasia and 50 age matched controls, using measures of error monitoring in speech, performance on cognitive control tasks, and measures of spoken word production and comprehension. Language networks will be mapped in individual subjects using a validated functional MRI task known to reliably activate the language network in individuals with aphasia, and resting-state data will be used to determine if connectivity between the ACC and language regions relates to error-monitoring performance. The hypotheses are that (1) both language-related cognitive control as well as non-language cognitive control scores will be associated with SEM, and (2) SEM will be associated with connectivity of residual language networks to the ACC. This study will elucidate behavioral and neural mediators of SEM, which may become targets for future treatments that incorporate SEM.