Micro-Spectroscopy for Cytological Screening, and Staging of Disease

描述(申请人提供)：建议研究的目的是发展新的方法学，以辅助经典细胞学和病理学在疾病的检测和诊断中的应用。在经典细胞学中，肉眼检查是用来检测从体液、脱落或细针活检中获得的细胞的形态变化，而在经典病理学中，染色的组织切片是用肉眼检查的。PI的实验室正在开发的新方法，称为光谱细胞学和光谱病理学，基于光学测量，它定量地检测细胞生化成分的变化，并使用客观算法来量化疾病方面的光谱结果。这些诊断算法是使用光谱数据和经典细胞学/病理学之间的相关性作为金标准进行训练的。PI的实验室所做的努力，以及来自世界各地其他组织的结果表明，光谱细胞学是一种非常敏感的方法，可以检测细胞特性的变化。例如，单细胞水平的光谱细胞学可以用来区分正常和癌上皮细胞、正常淋巴细胞和淋巴瘤细胞，甚至是彼此密切相关的正常细胞(例如，B和T淋巴细胞，激活和未激活的淋巴细胞)。 相关性：PI实验室正在开发的光学诊断方法将增强目前可用的细胞学和病理学方法，以筛选疾病的脱落细胞，并从活检组织中诊断相同疾病的组织切片。光学方法完全是基于机器和计算机解释的，因此减少了诊断实验室的工作量，提高了总体准确性，并减少了进行医疗诊断所需的时间。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of the proposed research is the development of new methodology to aid classical cytology and pathology in the detection and diagnosis of disease. In classical cytology, visual inspection is used to detect changes in the morphology of cells obtained from body fluids, or by exfoliation or thin needle biopsy, while in classical pathology stained tissue sections are examined visually. The novel methods being developed in the PI's laboratory, referred to as spectral cytology and spectral pathology, are based on optical measurements, which detect variations in biochemical composition of cells quantitatively, and which use objective algorithms to quantify the spectral results in terms of disease. These diagnostic algorithms are trained using the correlation between spectral data and classical cytology/pathology as the gold standard. The efforts carried out in the Pi's laboratory, and results from other groups worldwide, have demonstrated that spectral cytology is an extraordinarily sensitive method for detecting variations in cellular properties. For example, spectral cytology at the single cell level can be used to distinguish normal from cancerous epithelial cells, normal lymphocytes from lymphoma cells, and even closely related normal cells from each other (e.g. B- and T-lymphocytes, activated and non-activated lymphocytes). Relevance: The methods of optical diagnoses being developed in the PI's laboratory will augment presently available methods of cytology and pathology to screen exfoliated cells for disease, and diagnose tissue sections from biopsies for the same diseases. The optical methods are entirely machine-based and computer-interpreted and thus, reduce the workload in diagnostic laboratories, increase the overall accuracy and decrease the time required to render medical diagnoses.