Factors of Resilience to Alzheimers Disease and Related Dementias among Latinx: The Role of Bilingualism

项目摘要/摘要 随着人口老龄化，拉丁裔社区、家庭和医疗保健系统将面临 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症(ADRD)危机日益严重。确定增强韧性的因素 在老龄化的拉丁裔社区中开展ADRD，对于成功地缩小差距至关重要。一些人 研究发现，与单语者相比，双语者患AD的风险更低，但其他研究没有发现 双语优势的证据。双语者之间的群体内部差异几乎没有受到关注， 如第二语言(L2)习得年龄、熟练程度和语言使用频率，以及这些因素如何 差异1)与老年人的认知功能有关，2)如果它们缓冲了神经病理对 认知衰退，以及3)AD认知衰退如何影响双语者的语言使用。 确定双语能力对阿尔茨海默病的复原力可能导致新的干预措施 缓解认知老化和ADRD差异。这项拟议研究的总体目标是确定 双语能力的各个方面，包括习得年龄、语言使用和熟练程度，是否会缓冲这些影响 病理的神经影像标记物(即AD生物标记物和脑血管疾病)对认知和 中老年拉丁裔成年人的认知能力下降。中心假设是L2的早期年龄 习得，每天更多地使用第一语言和第二语言，以及更好的第二语言熟练程度将授予认知储备， 不受令人困惑的社会文化因素(即教育、社会经济地位、移民)的影响。目标1a 和1b(K99)侧重于确定双语能力的哪些方面与认知有关，哪些方面与认知有关 调节影像标志物与认知之间的关系。目标2a和2b(R00)建议 确定双语能力与认知功能下降的影像指标之间的关系 认知状态的变化是否与双语能力的变化有关。拟议的研究将 将目前在三个纵向队列中登记的Latinx成年人的数据与可用的淀粉样蛋白和 Tau PET、MRI和认知评估：子孙研究和华盛顿高地-因伍德哥伦比亚大学 哥伦比亚大学的老龄化项目和加州大学戴维斯分校的多样性老龄化队列。至 为了实现这些目标，申请者将在文化神经心理学、健康差距、 和统计方法，通过在K99阶段获得关于1)扩展认知知识的培训 双语神经科学和心理语言学；2)神经影像数据建模；3)可操作性 和老龄拉丁裔人口复原力的测量；以及4)加强统计方法 关于数据协调、因果推理方法和潜变量建模。这份K99/R00提案奠定了 为专注于保护因素的潜在机制的独立研究生涯奠定基础 不同人群认知老化中的双语和双文化。

Project Summary/Abstract As the population ages, Latinx communities, families, and healthcare systems will be confronted by the growing crisis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Identifying factors that confer resilience to ADRD among aging Latinx communities is of critical importance to successfully reduce disparities. Some studies find that bilinguals are at reduced AD risk compared to monolinguals, but other studies do not find evidence of a bilingual advantage. Little attention has been given to within-group differences among bilinguals, such as age of second language (L2) acquisition, proficiency, and frequency of language use, and how these differences 1) are related to cognitive function in older age, 2) if they buffer the effects of neuropathology on cognitive decline, and 3) how cognitive decline in AD can influence language use among bilinguals. Determination of the aspects of bilingualism that confer resilience to AD could lead to novel interventions to mitigate cognitive aging and ADRD disparities. The overall aim of this proposed research is to determine whether aspects of bilingualism, including age of acquisition, language use, and proficiency, buffer the effects of neuroimaging markers of pathology (i.e., AD biomarkers and cerebrovascular disease) on cognition and cognitive decline within middle- and older-aged Latinx adults. The central hypothesis is that early age of L2 acquisition, greater daily use of both L1 and L2, and greater L2 proficiency will confer cognitive reserve, independent of confounding sociocultural factors (i.e., education, socioeconomic status, immigration). Aims 1a and 1b (K99) focus on identifying which aspects of bilingualism are associated with cognition and which moderate the relationship between imaging markers and cognition. Aims 2a and 2b (R00) proposes to determine the relationship between bilingualism and imaging markers on cognitive decline and determine whether change in cognitive status is associated with changes in bilingualism. The proposed study will harmonize data from Latinx adults currently enrolled in three longitudinal cohorts with available amyloid and tau PET, MRI, and cognitive assessments: the Offspring study and the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project at Columbia University, and the University of California-Davis Diversity Aging Cohort. To accomplish these goals, the applicant will build on his strengths in cultural neuropsychology, health disparities, and statistical methods by obtaining training during the K99 phase on 1) expanding knowledge of the cognitive neuroscience and psycholinguistics of bilingualism; 2) modeling neuroimaging data; 3) the operationalization and measurement of resilience among aging Latinx populations; and 4) enhancing statistical methods focused on data harmonization, casual inference methods and latent variable modeling. This K99/R00 proposal lays the foundation for an independent research career focused on mechanisms underlying the protective factors of bilingualism and biculturalism in cognitive aging in a diverse population.