Correlates of Physical Activity in Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities

描述（由申请人提供）：有规律的体育活动对健康和预防疾病起着重要作用。与其他人群相比，智力残疾儿童和青少年的健康状况较差，他们缺乏体育活动，这可能是造成已在残疾人身上发现的健康差异的原因之一。有证据表明，患有ID的儿童和青少年没有进行足够的体育活动，他们的健康水平很低，而且他们比正常发育的同龄人更久坐不动。然而，关于儿童和青少年的身体活动的研究是有限的。为了对患有性认知障碍的青少年进行有效的身体活动干预，首先必须检查他们的活动水平，并了解与他们参与相关的因素。众所周知，身体活动受到许多个人、社会心理、行为和环境因素的影响，但这些因素可能在患有ID的儿童和青少年中有所不同，因为他们在智力功能和适应性行为方面存在局限性，这可能限制了他们参与的机会和能力。这个项目的具体目的是：1)比较13-18岁患有ID的青少年和正常发育的青少年在中度和剧烈体育活动以及有组织的活动上花费的时间；2)比较ID青少年与正常发育青少年的久坐行为时间；3)比较个体、家庭和社区因素与ID青少年和正常发育青少年身体活动和久坐行为的关系。60名年龄在13-18岁的轻度ID青少年和60名正常发育的年龄和性别相当的青少年将参加这项研究。连续7天使用加速度计客观测量身体活动水平。通过对青少年参与者及其父母的问卷调查和访谈，我们将收集人口统计数据、青少年和父母参与体育活动、体育活动的障碍和支持、父母和青少年对体育活动的重视程度、青少年对体育活动的享受和自我效能感等方面的信息。在研究工作中，患有身份证的儿童和青少年的健康需求没有得到充分的体现，因此，他们是得不到充分服务的少数群体。拟议的项目试图通过描述患有ID的青少年的身体活动模式，并将他们与正常发育的同龄人进行比较，来解决这一差距。我们还将确定与体育活动相关的个人、家庭和社区因素，以确定它们是否与正常发育的青少年不同。这一信息将直接影响到为满足智力残疾青少年的特殊需要而制定体育活动方案。公共卫生相关性：美国卫生与公众服务部已经确定了智力残疾（智力迟钝）儿童、青少年和成人的主要健康差异。这一人口健康状况不佳的部分原因可能是身体活动水平低，政府改善健康的议程包括促进身体活动。《2010年健康人》将体育活动列为主要健康指标，其目标包括提高儿童的活动水平和减少久坐行为。为智障儿童和青少年制定有效的健康促进计划需要深入了解他们的身体活动水平以及与行为相关的独特因素。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Regular physical activity plays an important role in health and disease prevention. Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have poorer health than other populations and their lack of physical activity may contribute to the health disparities that have been identified in people with disabilities. Evidence supports that children and adolescents with ID do not engage in sufficient physical activity, that their fitness is low, and that they are more sedentary than their typically developing peers. However, research on physical activity in children and adolescents with ID is limited. To inform the development of effective physical activity interventions in adolescents with ID, it is imperative to first examine their activity levels and to understand the factors associated with their participation. Physical activity is known to be influenced by many individual, psychosocial, behavioral, and environmental factors, but the factors are likely to be different in children and adolescents with ID due to their limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors, which may limit their opportunities and abilities to participate. The specific aims of this project are: 1) to compare time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity and in structured activities between adolescents ages 13-18 with ID and typically developing adolescents; 2) to compare time spent in sedentary behavior between adolescents with ID and typically developing adolescents; and 3) to compare the individual, family, and community factors associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior between adolescents with ID and typically developing adolescents. Sixty adolescents ages 13-18 with mild ID and 60 typically developing adolescents of comparable chronological age and gender will participate in the study. Physical activity levels will be objectively measured using accelerometers over 7 consecutive days. Through questionnaires and interviews with the adolescent participants and their parents, we will gather information on demographics, adolescent and parent participation in physical activity, barriers and supports to physical activity, the importance that parents and adolescents place on physical activity, and adolescent enjoyment and self-efficacy in relation to physical activity. The health needs of children and adolescents with ID have been under-represented in research efforts, and thus, they represent an under-served minority. The proposed project seeks to address this gap by describing the physical activity patterns of adolescents with ID and comparing them to their typically developing peers. We will also identify the individual, family, and community factors associated with physical activity to determine whether they are different than those found in typically developing adolescents. This information will have direct implications for informing the development of physical activity programs specific to meeting the needs of adolescents with intellectual disabilities. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The US Department of Health and Human Services has identified major heath disparities in children, adolescents, and adults with intellectual disabilities (mental retardation). The poor health of this population may be caused in part by low levels of physical activity, and the government's agenda for improving health includes physical activity promotion. Physical activity is listed prominently as a leading health indicator in Healthy People 2010, and objectives include improving activity levels and reducing sedentary behavior in children. Developing effective health promotion programs for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities requires an in-depth understanding of their physical activity levels and of the factors uniquely related to behavior.