Sleep Deprivation and Energy Balance

描述（由申请人提供）：当今生活的要求对时间提出了很高的要求。自愿减少睡眠是一种普遍现象，许多成年人通常每晚平均睡眠时间为6小时。观察数据表明，睡眠时间短与肥胖的可能性较大有关。轻度慢性睡眠剥夺可能是肥胖增加的一个重要的、潜在的可纠正的行为因素。目前还没有明确的人体实验研究表明，睡眠剥夺是否确实会增加能量摄入和/或减少能量消耗。我们提出了一系列新的研究来研究睡眠剥夺所带来的能量稳态异常。这些探索性研究结合了最先进的技术来监测人类的睡眠、食物摄入、能量消耗和神经内分泌能量调节。我们将测量24名BMI正常（20-25 kg/m2）的健康受试者的食物摄入、能量消耗（基础代谢率、食物热效应和非运动活动产热）和神经激素水平。12名受试者（6男6女）将被随机分配到睡眠剥夺组。在3天的基线评估后，这些受试者将进行8天的适度睡眠剥夺，然后是4天的恢复期。测量结果将与随机分配到对照组的12名受试者的测量结果进行比较，这些受试者没有被剥夺睡眠。被剥夺睡眠的受试者和对照组受试者在年龄和性别上具有可比性，并将在相同的时间内在临床研究单元接受类似的监测和测量。我们将检验以下假设：1。睡眠剥夺导致正能量平衡（热量摄入增加，能量消耗减少，这反映在非运动活动产热减少上）。2. 食欲和能量消耗的失调与控制食欲和新陈代谢的分子的变化有关。3. 8天的适度睡眠剥夺所带来的变化，至少在一定程度上，会在4天的恢复期中消退。这个探索性应用程序建立在既定的研究项目上，首先解决睡眠和肥胖的神经内分泌机制，其次解决人类能量摄入和能量消耗的调节。这些研究将为睡眠剥夺是否会导致食物摄入增加和/或活动水平降低，以及调节食欲和新陈代谢的分子的潜在作用提供新颖而重要的见解。公共卫生相关性：我们建议研究两周的适度睡眠限制是否会导致食物摄入增加和能量消耗减少，从而可能导致肥胖。这些发现将有助于解释普通人群睡眠时间的减少是否可能导致当前肥胖的流行，并提出控制体重的新策略。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The demands of present day living have placed a high premium on time. Voluntary sleep curtailment is endemic and many adults typically sleep an average of six hours per night. Observational data suggest that short sleep duration is associated with a greater likelihood of being obese. Low grade chronic sleep deprivation may constitute an important and potentially correctable behavioral factor in the alarming increase in obesity. There are no definitive experimental studies in humans showing whether sleep deprivation indeed contributes to increased energy intake and/or reduced energy expenditure. We propose a series of novel studies to investigate abnormalities in energy homeostasis imparted by sleep deprivation. These exploratory studies combine state-of-the-art techniques for monitoring sleep, food intake, energy expenditure and neuroendocrine energy regulation in humans. We will measure food intake, energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and non-exercise activity thermogenesis), and neurohormone levels in 24 healthy subjects with normal BMI (20-25 kg/m2). Twelve subjects (6 men and 6 women) will be randomized to sleep deprivation. After a 3 day baseline evaluation, these subjects will undergo 8 days of modest sleep deprivation followed by a 4 day recovery period. Measurements will be compared to those obtained in 12 subjects who are randomized to a control group, and are not sleep deprived. Sleep deprived and control subjects will be comparable for age and gender and will undergo similar monitoring and measurements in the Clinical Research Unit over the same duration. We will test the following hypotheses: 1. That sleep deprivation results in positive energy balance (increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure, as reflected by decreased non-exercise activity thermogenesis). 2. That dysregulation of appetite and energy expenditure is associated with changes in molecules controlling appetite and metabolism. 3. That changes associated with 8 days of modest sleep deprivation resolve, at least in part, over a 4 day recovery period. This exploratory application builds on established research programs addressing first, neuroendocrine mechanisms in sleep and obesity, and second, the regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in humans. These studies will provide novel and important insights into whether sleep deprivation promotes increased food intake and/or reduced activity levels, and into the potential role of molecules that regulate appetite and metabolism. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: We propose to examine whether two weeks of modest sleep restriction results in increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure, thus potentially predisposing to obesity. These findings will help explain whether the reduced sleep duration in the general population may be contributing to the current epidemic of obesity, and suggest novel strategies for weight control.