Altered Communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria under oncogenic states

项目总结 核孔复合体(NPC)是嵌入核膜中的多个蛋白质组合，形成 调节大分子双向核质运输的通道。这条交通工具 允许中央细胞器、细胞核和细胞其余部分之间的通信，提供关键的 控制基因表达、信号网络和细胞动态平衡的手段。由于它的核心作用，即使是谦虚的 鼻咽癌的破坏对细胞功能有深远的影响，导致许多癌症，如白血病和 肉瘤。至关重要的是，癌症和鼻咽癌之间的一个主要致病联系是 凋亡信号通路中的细胞核和线粒体，由细胞内损伤或由 致癌压力。Selinexor和Verdinexor的例子现在已经建立了核质运输 作为有效和有效的抗癌药物靶点；有强有力的证据表明，至少在一定程度上这些药物是 之所以有效，是因为它们调控着这条核-线粒体通讯途径。我们假设癌症- 相关的NPC改变改变了NPC的结构和相互作用体，进而影响了它们的整体 服务于运输和细胞内通讯的能力。这项拟议的研究分为两部分 独立但协同的目标，将破译由这些因素造成的结构和功能缺陷 致癌改变，侧重于核-线粒体凋亡信号通路的下游影响。 第一个目标(1.1)是描述由致癌的Nup改变引起的鼻咽癌相互作用组的变化； 尤其是Nup62或Nup88过表达或存在TPR-FGFR1或Nup214-ABL1融合突变。 我们将建立一个组织培养模型系统，表达每一个与癌症相关的Nup改变和 然后使用亲和捕获和质谱学方法将它们的相互作用与正常状态进行比较 已经在我们的实验室建立了。作为一个额外的工具，我们建议(目标1.2)在 抗癌症相关核蛋白的纳米抗体的形式。重要的是，AIM 1.1不依赖于AIM 1.2。 目标2将重点放在致癌改变的功能影响上。我们将首先(目标2.1)研究如何 这些变化会影响核和线粒体的形态和行为。首先，我们将评估 具有致癌Nup改变的细胞系的细胞形态和行为。接下来，我们将评估 NUP致癌改变影响线粒体。最后(目标2.2)，我们将寻找以下方面的变化 致癌条件下的核质转运及其对核线粒体的影响 沟通。我们将监测蛋白质进出口的变化，运输因素的本地化和 我们将寻找核-线粒体信号的特定介体的变化。 我们的技术和工具将(I)允许我们识别鼻咽癌结构中的致病改变，(Ii)检测 由于这些改变而改变的NUP的数量或定位，并将(I)与(Ii)相关联以确定 NUP诱导致癌变化的潜在机制。

Project summary Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are multi-protein assemblies embedded in the nuclear envelope, forming channels that mediate the regulated bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. This transport allows for communication between the central organelle, the nucleus, and the rest of the cell, providing a crucial means to control gene expression, signaling networks, and cell homeostasis. Due to its central role, even modest disruption of the NPC has profound effects on cellular function, leading to many cancers such as leukemia and sarcomas. Crucially, a major causative connection in cancer and the NPC is the communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria in the apoptotic signaling pathway, triggered by intracellular damage or by oncogenic stress. The examples of Selinexor and Verdinexor have now established nucleocytoplasmic trafficking as a valid and powerful anti-cancer drug target; and there is strong evidence that at least in part these drugs are effective because they regulate this nuclear-mitochondrial communication pathway. We hypothesize that cancer- associated NPC alterations change the NPCs’ structure and interactome that in turn impact their overall capability to serve in transport and intracellular communication. The proposed study is divided into two independent but synergistic aims that will decipher the structural and functional defects caused by these oncogenic alterations, focusing on downstream effects on the nuclear-mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. The first Aim (1.1) is to characterize the changes in NPC interactome caused by oncogenic Nup alterations; specifically the overexpression of Nup62 or Nup88 or presence of TPR-FGFR1 or Nup214-Abl1 fusion mutations. We will establish a tissue culture model system expressing each of these cancer-associated Nup alterations and then compare their interactomes to the normal state using affinity-capture and mass spectrometry methodologies already established in our lab. As an additional tool, we suggest (Aim 1.2) to produce novel research tools in the form of nanobodies against cancer-associated Nups. Importantly, Aim 1.1 is not dependent on Aim 1.2. Aim 2 will focus on the functional impact of the oncogenic alterations. We will first (Aim 2.1) examine how these alterations affect nuclear and mitochondrial morphology and behavior. First we will assess changes in cellular morphology and behavior in cell lines bearing oncogenic Nup alterations. Next, we will assess how the Nup oncogenic alterations affect the mitochondria. Finally (Aim 2.2), we will look for changes in nucleocytoplasmic trafficking under oncogenic conditions and how it affects nuclear – mitochondrial communication. We will monitor for changes in protein import and export, localization of transport factors and we will look for changes in specific mediators of nuclear-mitochondrial signaling. Our techniques and tools will (i) allow us to identify disease-causing alterations in NPC architecture, (ii) detect altered amounts or localizations of Nups due to these alterations, and correlate (i) with (ii) to determine the underlying mechanism of the Nup-induced oncogenic changes.