Genetic Privacy and Identity in Sexual and Gender Minorities: GetPrISM

性少数群体和性别少数群体(SGM)在保健和保健方面存在很大差距。这些 不平等是由社会、政治、环境和基因组因素之间复杂的相互作用造成的，所有这些 如果我们要解决这些差异，就必须理解这一点。这项研究需要了解人类的健康 SGM人群面临的问题往往需要分析大量的个体表型和 行为信息、群落特征和大规模基因组数据。一些调查人员可能会寻求 探索性取向和性别认同是多基因的复杂特征的假设，但不是 有一种观点认为，这是决定因素，而这些基因因素可能会造成健康差距。这些 研究策略分析了大量的基因组和其他数据，代表着与 早期的研究实践及其对研究参与者的影响。与SGM相关的研究历史 一直备受争议，尤其是在寻找“同性恋基因”最终失败之后 在20世纪90年代。当时，一些作家支持寻找基因对性取向的影响 以减少耻辱。其他人反对这项研究，因为担心研究结果会被用来歧视 对通用汽车的指控。即使是现在，令人惊讶的是，人们对SGM对涉及遗传学的研究的看法知之甚少 以及性取向和性别认同(SOGI)数据，或者他们是否愿意参与这样的 研究。最近的一项研究报告说，在假设的环境下，通用汽车制造商比其他人表现出更大的意愿 参加我们所有人的队列计划，而一项全面的审查引用了几项研究表明 由于担心被误解，SGM更不愿意登记参加基因组学研究。识别和 解决这些问题不仅对保护/代表特别大会社区至关重要，而且对邀请 这些群体的参与，以确保他们获得精准医疗。 这个应用程序的首要目标是使用遗传和SOGI数据调查研究的前景 在一个自我认同的SGM社区成员的不同群体中。我们将使用定性的方法来 审查以下两个目标：1)确定和理解研究涉及的视角范围 遗传和SOGI数据，包括对进行研究的风险、伤害和对个人的好处的看法 与健康问题以及性取向和性别认同有关的生物因素；以及 2)使用SOGI数据表征SGM对遗传研究适当性的态度和意见 以及他们希望在参与之前解决的问题和所需的保障措施 研究。该项目将使我们能够改进策略，用于其他站点，以增强我们的 并为开发伦理上可接受的研究方案开发强有力的证据基础，该方案将 确定并解决影响通用汽车的健康差距。

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) experience significant disparities in health and health care. These inequities result from complex interactions among social, political, environmental, and genomic factors, all of which must be understood if we are to address these disparities. The research needed to understand the health issues faced by SGM populations will often require analysis of large collections of individual phenotypic and behavioral information, community characteristics, and large-scale genomic data. Some investigators may seek to explore hypotheses that sexual orientation and gender identity are complex traits with a polygenic, but non- determinative component and that those genetic components may contribute to health disparities. These research strategies, which analyze large amounts of genomic and other data, represent a dramatic change from earlier research practices in their implications for research participants. The history of research involving SGMs has been particularly controversial, especially in the wake of the ultimately unsuccessful search for a “gay gene” in the 1990s. Some writers at the time supported the search for genetic contributions to sexual orientation in order to decrease stigma. Others opposed this research for fear that the results would be used to discriminate against SGMs. Even now, surprisingly little is known about what SGMs think about research involving genetics and sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data or whether they would be willing to participate in such research. A recent study reported that SGMs, in a hypothetical setting, expressed greater willingness than others to take part in the All of Us Cohort Program, whereas a comprehensive review cited several studies showing that SGMs were more reluctant to enroll in genomics research due to fears of misinterpretation. Identifying and addressing these concerns is crucial not only to protecting/representing the SGM community, but also to inviting participation of these groups to ensure their access to precision medicine. The overarching goal of this application is to investigate perspectives on research using genetic and SOGI data among a diverse group of self-identifying SGM community members. We will use a qualitative approach to examine the following two aims: 1) To identify and understand the range of perspectives about research involving genetic and SOGI data, including perceptions of risks, harms, and benefits to individuals of conducting research on biological factors related to health problems as well as related to sexual orientation and gender identity; and 2) To characterize SGM attitudes and opinions about the appropriateness of genetic research using SOGI data and the issues they would want to see addressed and safeguards they would require before participating in research. This project will allow us to refine strategies for use at other sites to enhance the generalizability of our findings and to develop a robust evidence base for developing ethically acceptable research protocols that will identify and address the health disparities affecting SGMs.