Endogenous ligand of the NK activating receptor NKp46
Endogenous ligand of the NK activating receptor NKp46
批准号:
10116279
负责人:
Judy Lieberman
金额:
$22.13万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2020
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2020-03-01 至 2022-02-28
关键词:
AffectAftercareAllogenicAntineoplastic AgentsApoptosisAutologousBindingBinding ProteinsBlocking AntibodiesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCell CommunicationCell LineCell surfaceCellsCellular StressChemotherapy-Oncologic ProcedureChimeric ProteinsCross-PrimingDataDendritic CellsDependenceDown-RegulationEatingEndoplasmic ReticulumEquilibriumFlavivirusFusobacterium InfectionsGenesHumanImmuneImmune responseImmunityImmunologic SurveillanceImpairmentIncubatedInfectionInfiltrationInfluenza A virusInfluenza HemagglutininKnock-outKnowledgeLigandsLinkLymphocyteMalignant NeoplasmsMammalsManuscriptsMediatingMediator of activation proteinMetapneumovirusMusNK Cell ActivationNatural Killer CellsPhagocytesPharmaceutical PreparationsPlayPregnancyPreparationProductionProteinsRadiation therapyReceptor CellRecombinantsReovirus InfectionsRoleSialic AcidsSignal TransductionStressSurface Plasmon ResonanceTestingTherapeuticTumor Cell LineViralWorkZIKV infectionZika Virusbasebiophysical techniquescalreticulincancer cellcell killingchemotherapeutic agentchemotherapycytokinecytotoxicityendoplasmic reticulum stressfetalfetus cellfirst respondergenetic manipulationgraft vs host diseaseimmunogenic cell deathimmunological synapseimmunological synapse formationin vivoinhibitor/antagonistknock-downmouse modelneoplastic celloverexpressionreceptorresponsetooltrophoblasttumortumor growthvirtual
中文摘要
自然杀伤细胞(NK)是抵抗感染和癌症的第一道防线。NK细胞的激活受
通过激活和抑制NK受体传递的信号的平衡。 活化受体NKp 46是
被认为是针对自体、同种异体和异种的天然细胞毒性中的主要活化受体。
靶细胞 NKp 46在哺乳动物中是保守的,并且几乎在NK上普遍表达,这表明它是
功能重要。 编码NKp 46基因的Ncr 1缺陷小鼠的肿瘤免疫功能受损
监测,有较严重的甲型流感,偏肺病毒,呼肠孤病毒和梭杆菌感染和移植
抗宿主病 这种重要的活化NK受体的内源性配体尚不清楚,尽管
几十年的寻找。 我们的初步工作表明,NKp 46识别钙网蛋白(CRT),
通常存在于内质网(ER)内,但在ER-1应激细胞中转移到细胞表面
或者用一些抗癌药物治疗的肿瘤细胞。一种NKp 46-β IG融合蛋白特异性地拉低细胞表面
CRT(外显CRT)和使用表面等离子体共振的初步数据表明特异性结合。 敲门
下调CRT编码基因CALR或在CRT上添加阻断抗体可抑制NKp 46介导的NK细胞
杀人某些化疗药物和放疗诱导免疫刺激型程序化细胞
癌细胞死亡,称为免疫原性细胞死亡(ICD),它会在癌细胞死亡后清除存活的肿瘤细胞。
治疗 ICD背后的机制与体外循环CRT有关,其作为“吃我”/吞噬细胞
树突状细胞信号,然后通过交叉免疫激活抗肿瘤CD 8 + T细胞。我们假设
NKp 46识别外膜CRT,并且NK通过NKp 46与外膜CRT的相互作用识别ER-CRT应激细胞,
在ICD和NK细胞介导的免疫防御中起重要作用。初步数据显示,
用ZIKV(其在ER中复制并引起ER应激)处理肿瘤细胞系,以及用ICD-GFP诱导的肿瘤细胞系处理肿瘤细胞系。
化疗药物诱导了体外CRT和NKp 46依赖性NK杀伤。 此外,CRT-PCR包被的肿瘤细胞
成为NK细胞靶标,并且NK细胞系中的NCR 1敲除强烈抑制其对暴露于NCR 1的靶标的杀伤。
阴极射线管。 为了验证我们的假设,我们将首先通过使用生物物理方法证实外膜CRT是NKp 46的配体,
表征外膜CRT和NKp 46结合的方法,以及鉴定CRT中负责NKp 46结合的区域的方法。
互动将研究NK细胞上NKp 46的基因操作或阻断以及肿瘤靶点上的体外CRT
这种受体-配体相互作用在NK识别、免疫突触形成和功能反应中作用
感染和肿瘤细胞。 未处理的肿瘤细胞和用ICD-10诱导和治疗的肿瘤细胞的NK杀伤
将比较非诱导性药物。NKp 46在控制ZIKV感染和小鼠肿瘤中的体内作用
将通过比较病毒水平和肿瘤生长、NK细胞浸润(无和有化疗)来评估
在野生型和Ncr 1-nc/-nc小鼠中的肿瘤和存活率。
英文摘要
Natural killer cells (NK) act as a first line of defense against infection and cancer. NK activation is controlled by
a balance of signals transmitted by activating and inhibitory NK receptors. The activating receptor NKp46 is
considered the major activating receptor in natural cytotoxicity against autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic
target cells. NKp46 is conserved in mammals and virtually ubiquitously expressed on NK, suggesting it is
functionally important. Mice deficient in Ncr1, the gene encoding NKp46, are impaired in tumor immune
surveillance, have more severe influenza A, metapneumovirus, reovirus and fusobacterium infections and graft
versus host disease. The endogenous ligand of this important activating NK receptor is not known, despite
decades of searching. Our preliminary work suggests that NKp46 recognizes calreticulin (CRT), which is
normally found inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but gets transferred to the cell surface in ER-stressed cells
or tumor cells treated with some cancer drugs. An NKp46-Ig fusion protein specifically pulls down cell-surface
CRT (ecto-CRT) and preliminary data using surface plasmon resonance indicate specific binding. Knocking
down CALR, the gene encoding for CRT, or adding blocking antibodies to CRT inhibits NKp46-mediated NK
killing. Some chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy induce an immunostimulatory type of programmed cell
death in cancer cells, known as immunogenic cell death (ICD), which removes surviving tumor cells after
treatment. The mechanism behind ICD has been linked to ecto-CRT, which serves as an “eat me”/phagocytic
signal for dendritic cells, which then activate anti-tumor CD8+ T cells by cross-priming. Here we hypothesize that
NKp46 recognizes ecto-CRT, and that NK recognition of ER-stressed cells via NKp46 interaction with ecto-CRT
plays an important role in ICD and NK-mediated immune defense more generally. In preliminary data, infection
with ZIKV, which replicates in the ER and causes ER stress, and treatment of tumor cell lines with ICD-inducing
chemotherapy drugs induces ecto-CRT and NKp46-dependent NK killing. Moreover, CRT-coated tumor cells
become NK cell targets, and NCR1 knockout in an NK cell line strongly inhibits its killing of targets with exposed
CRT. To test our hypotheses, we will first confirm that ecto-CRT is a ligand for NKp46 by using biophysical
methods to characterize ecto-CRT and NKp46 binding and identifying the regions of CRT responsible for the
interaction. Genetic manipulation or blocking of NKp46 on NK and of ecto-CRT on tumor targets will examine
the role of this receptor-ligand interaction in NK recognition, immune synapse formation and functional responses
to infected and tumor cells. NK killing of untreated tumor cells and tumor cells treated with ICD-inducing and
noninducing drugs will be compared. The in vivo role of NKp46 in controlling ZIKV infection and mouse tumors
(without and with chemotherapy) will be assessed by comparing viral levels and tumor growth, NK cell infiltration
of tumors and survival in wild-type and Ncr1-/- mice.
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