ACL-LIFE Life History Interview and Validation

为了了解健康的社会决定因素并解决健康老龄化方面持续存在的差距， 研究人员和政策制定者越来越多地从生命周期的角度看待社会暴露。条件 早年和中年涉及到对晚年健康和性别、种族健康差异的实证研究 和种族，以及社会经济地位。更好地理解复杂和复杂的 时变的健康、社会经济、社会心理和环境暴露是评估的关键 生命历程、累积优势和健康差距的理论，以及设计干预措施 促进全民健康衰老。回溯性生活史收集的主要方法学进展 数据使正在进行的关于衰老的主要纵向研究成为可能，包括英国纵向研究 老龄化(ELSA)、欧洲健康与老龄化调查(SHARE)以及健康与退休研究 (小时)，通过使用事件历史收集信息，快速且经济高效地填补生命历程空白 日历方法。来自RLH访谈的数据可以用来产生学校教育的测量， 关系、育儿、就业、财务和居住史；健康冲击等生活事件；存在 和社交网络关系的质量；以及吸烟或医疗保健利用等行为。然而， RLH访谈数据的可靠性还没有根据调查结果进行全面评估 预期收集的信息的“标准”。对RLH数据质量的少数评估集中在 生命过程中的不同领域，但每个领域都显示出回忆错误的证据(特别是按持续时间 事件和报告任务的复杂性)和回忆偏见(特别是按年龄、性别，有时按种族和 教育)，尽管研究结果仍然是混合的和不完整的。我们建议在现有前景的基础上继续发展 美国人改变生活(ACL)研究，这是一项具有全国代表性的多种族队列研究， 收集了主要生活领域和成人寿命中与衰老相关的发病率的测量结果。 ACL-6波目前在该领域，将提供33年的暴露措施。我们将派出一架RLH机 与Share(ACL-LIFE)使用的访谈类似，并进行一套创新、集成的分析 为了更全面地研究糖尿病的患病率、维度和社会人口决定因素 回溯性和前瞻性收集的生活史信息之间的不匹配 到目前为止。我们还将探索对RLH数据的依赖是否以及如何影响关于健康的结论 使用生命过程暴露作为预测因素的分析得出的老龄化或健康差距。这些小说 评估将为关于调查方法的研究提供信息，并加强正在进行的主要纵向调查的价值 衰老的研究。他们还将为依赖成本的研究人员和政策制定者提供关键发现- 关于生命过程暴露的有效和及时的信息，可用于改善所有成年人的生活， 并消除健康老龄化方面的差距。

To understand the social determinants of health and address persistent disparities in healthy aging, researchers and policymakers have increasingly taken a life course view of social exposures. Conditions of early and midlife are implicated in empirical studies of later life health and health disparities by gender, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. A better understanding of the long-term influences of complex and time-varying health, socioeconomic, psychosocial and environmental exposures is essential for evaluating theories of the life course, cumulative advantage and health disparities, and for designing interventions to foster healthy aging for all. Key methodological advances in the collection of retrospective life history (RLH) data have enabled major ongoing longitudinal studies of aging, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), the Survey of Health and Ageing in Europe (SHARE), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), to fill in life course gaps quickly and cost-effectively by collecting information using the event history calendar approach. The data from RLH interviews can be used to generate measures of schooling, relationship, parenting, employment, financial and residential histories; life events like health shocks; presence and quality of social network relationships; and behaviors like tobacco use or health care utilization. However, the reliability of RLH interview data has not been comprehensively evaluated against the survey “gold standard” of prospectively-collected information. The few assessments of RLH data quality have focused on different domains of the life course, but each has revealed evidence of recall error (especially by duration since event and complexity of reporting task) and recall bias (especially by age, gender and sometimes race and education), though findings remain mixed and incomplete. We propose to build on the existing prospective Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study, a multi-racial, nationally-representative cohort study that has collected measures from across major life domains and of aging-related morbidities over the adult lifespan. The ACL-6 wave is currently in the field, and will provide 33 years of exposure measures. We will field a RLH interview similar to the one used by SHARE (ACL-LIFE) and conduct an innovative, integrated set of analyses to more comprehensively examine the prevalence, dimensions, and sociodemographic determinants of mismatch between retrospectively- and prospectively-collected life history information than has been possible to date. We will also explore whether and how reliance on RLH data could influence conclusions about healthy aging or health disparities drawn from analyses using life course exposures as predictors. These novel assessments will inform research on survey methodology and enhance the value of major ongoing longitudinal studies of aging. They will also provide critical findings for researchers and policy makers reliant on cost- effective and timely information about life course exposures that can be used to improve the lives of all adults, and to eliminate disparities in healthy aging.