Hormone-Related Cancers

该项目涵盖了广泛的研究基础，旨在评估 大多数与癌症有关。目前正在为乳腺癌做出重大努力， 子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌和睾丸癌。我们也在积极研究 关于前列腺癌的计划，在单独的报告中涵盖（Z 01 CP 010180 -02）。我们的努力 所有这些癌症都与各种环境、遗传和激素预测因子有关， 风险众所周知，发生在非洲人和 非裔美国人往往表现出不同的临床特征相比， 高加索人，包括雌激素受体阴性和三阴性的患病率较高 肿瘤，与预后不良相关的癌症。为了更好地理解 对于这些癌症的发生，我们正在加纳进行病例对照研究， 乳腺癌的发病率一直在上升。该研究旨在评估 一些新的病因学假设以及相关的危险因素，仔细定义 乳腺癌的亚型。我们还对研究一些 乳腺癌风险的中间标志物，包括乳房X线摄影乳腺密度和终末 导管小叶单位对合。我们已经开发并使用了一些新的方法来测量这两个 这些假定的乳腺癌前体，并有相关的乳腺癌风险因素， 各种措施。我们还在研究这些措施与随后的乳腺癌的关系。 与妇科肿瘤组合作，我们实施了标准化的 在一项大型子宫内膜癌试验中对女性进行问卷调查。这使得分析， 已经证明，子宫内膜癌的病因在不同的国家有很大的异质性。 组织学亚型我们还评估了这些因素与术后生存率的关系。 调整其他临床预后因素。我们已经了解了很多关于自然的东西， 史

This project covers a broad base of studies aimed at assessing the epidemiology of the majority of hormonally-related cancers. Major efforts are underway for breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, and testicular cancer. We also have an active research program on prostate cancer, covered in a separate report (Z01 CP010180-02). Our efforts for all of these cancers relate to a variety of environmental, genetic and hormonal predictors of risk. It is well recognized that breast cancers that occur among Africans and African-Americans tend to exhibit different clinical characteristics as compared with Caucasians, including a higher prevalence of estrogen receptor negative and triple negative tumors, cancers associated with a generally poor prognosis. To better understand the reasons for the occurrence of these cancers, we are conducting a case-control study in Ghana, where incidence rates of breast cancer have been increasing. The study has been designed to evaluate some novel etiologic hypotheses as well as to relate risk factors to carefully defined subtypes of breast cancers. We have also had a major interest in studying a number of intermediate markers of breast cancer risk, including mammographic breast density and terminal duct lobular unit involution. We have developed and used some novel methods for measuring both of these presumed breast cancer precursors and have related breast cancer risk factors to varied measures. We are also examining how these measures relate to subsequent breast cancers. In collaboration with the Gynecologic Oncology Group, we have administered a standardized questionnaire to women in a large endometrial cancer trial. This has enabled analyses which have demonstrated that there is great etiologic heterogeneity of endometrial cancer across histologic subtypes. We have also assessed how these factors relate to survival after adjusting for other clinical prognostic factors. We have learned much about the natural history of