Early Life Exposures and Subsequent Cancer Risk

00020 -己烯雌酚（DES）是一种于1938年首次合成的药物，在美国和欧洲被用于预防自然流产和早产的数百万孕妇。1971年，Herbst报道妊娠期间使用DES与暴露于DES的雌性后代阴道透明细胞腺癌（CCA）的发生有很强的相关性。动物模型已经证明DES对子宫内暴露的后代有一系列影响，包括生殖功能障碍、免疫系统改变、行为和性异常，以及雄性和雌性各种生殖癌的增加。NCI与五个现场中心合作，重新组合了先前研究过的des暴露和未暴露的母亲、女儿和儿子队列，并通过队列中的家族联系确定了以前未研究过的有记录的暴露状态的受试者。标准化的基线问卷邮寄给队列成员，以确定癌症和其他疾病的风险。收集报告的癌症和肿瘤前病变的病理报告。已经分别进行了三个阶段的后续工作。本研究的目的是通过邮寄问卷和收集病历的方式继续进行随访，这在研究的第一阶段就开始了。人们开始担心，接触des的女儿患乳腺癌的风险可能更高。据推测，子宫内暴露于高水平的内源性雌激素会增加患乳腺癌的风险，而desi是一种强效雌激素。儿子患癌症的风险也将继续评估，特别是前列腺癌的风险增加。由于在子宫内暴露于DES的后代目前已接近40岁，癌症发病率开始上升，因此继续对这些队列进行随访以确定癌症风险是否长期增加是很重要的。10039 -拟议的研究包括收集孕龄相似的单绒毛膜双胞胎、双绒毛膜双胞胎和单胎妊娠的母体和脐带血液样本，以量化几种激素和其他妊娠产物的浓度差异，包括雌三醇、雌二醇、雌酮、睾酮、雄烯二酮、脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）、硫酸脱氢表雄酮、黄体酮、AFP、催乳素、IGF和IGF结合蛋白3。从医疗记录和病理报告中提取数据，以提供有关母亲、婴儿、妊娠和胎盘的信息。这项工作将在达特茅斯医学院的达特茅斯希区柯克医疗中心进行。标记有唯一ID号的血液样本将被送到NCI的承包商Bioreliance，用于准备和运送到将进行激素检测的实验室。NCI将以电子形式接收摘要数据。NCI或其承包商将不会收到任何个人识别信息。该研究已得到达特茅斯医学院的批准。挪威出生和癌症登记处将用于调查几种怀孕和围产期因素与成年后代癌症风险之间的关系。10032 -与NICHD合作，在路易斯安那州立大学健康科学中心进行子痫前期研究。正在从患有和不患有先兆子痫的母亲和脐带中采集血液样本。分析妊娠激素水平与子痫前期的关系。[01:132]在这项研究中，我们使用了匹兹堡大学一项关于子痫前期和无并发症妊娠的队列研究的数据，分析了相似胎龄的子痫前期和正常妊娠的母体和脐带血样本，以量化各种激素水平的差异。我们将评估几种母体、围产期和妊娠因素（如母体年龄和出生体重）与正常妊娠中激素水平的关系。此外，我们将确定母体的水平在多大程度上代表脐带血中的水平。00043 -从马萨诸塞州波士顿的75名孕妇和中国上海的175名孕妇中采集脐带血样本。妊娠激素浓度将被确定并与假定的乳腺癌危险因素相关联。

00020 - Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a drug first synthesized in 1938, was administered to several million pregnant women in the U.S. and Europe for the prevention of spontaneous abortion and premature delivery. In 1971, Herbst reported a strong association between DES use in pregnancy and the occurrence of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCA) in exposed female offspring. Animal models have demonstrated a range of DES effects on offspring exposed in utero, including reproductive dysfunction, immune system changes, behavioral and sexual abnormalities, and increases in various reproductive cancer in males and females. NCI, in collaboration with five field centers, reassembled previously studied cohorts of DES-exposed and unexposed mothers, daughters and sons, and identified subjects with documented exposure status who had not been studied previously, through familial links within the cohorts. Standardized baseline questionnaires were mailed to cohort members to ascertain the risk of cancer and other disorders. Pathology reports were collected for reported cancers and preneoplastic conditions. Theree separate phases of follow-up have been conducted. The purpose of this study is to continue the follow-up, by means of mailed questionnaires and medical record collection, which was begun during the the first phase of the study. Concern has arisen that DES-exposed daughters may be at higher risk of breast cancer. Exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogen in utero has been hypothesized to increase the risk of breast cancer and DESis a potent estrogen. Cacner risk in the sons will also continure to be assessed, especailly for increased risks of prostate cancer. since the offspring who were exposed to DES in utero are currently reaching their late forties, when cancer rates begin to rise, it is important to continue the follow-up of these cohorts to determine if there are long-term increases in cancer risk. 10039 - The proposed study involves collecting maternal and cord blood samples from monochorionic twin, dichorionic twin and singleton pregnancies of similar gestational age to quantify differences in concentrations of several hormones and other pregnancy products including estriol, estradiol, estrone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA-sulfate, progesterone, AFP, prolactin, IGF and IGF-binding protein 3. Data from medical records and pathology reports will be abstracted to provide information on the mother, baby, pregnancy and placenta. The work will be done at Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Dartmouth Medical School. Blood samples labeled with a unique ID number only will be sent to Bioreliance, NCI's contractor, for preperation and shipment to the laboratory that will perform the hormone assays. NCI will receive the abstracted data in electronic form. no personal identifying information will be received by NCI or its contractor. The study has been approved by Dartmouth Medical School. 10041 - The Norwegian birth and cancer registries will be used to investigate the association of several pregnancy and perinatal factors and risk of cancer in adult offspring. 10032 - Collaboration with NICHD on a study of preeclampsia conducted at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. Blood samples are being collected from mothers and from umbilical cords with and without preeclampsia. The relationship of pregnancy hormone levels and preeclampsia will be analyzed. 01132 - In this study using data from a cohort study of preeclamptic and uncomplicated pregnancies at the University of Pittsburgh, we are analyzing maternal and cord blood samples from preeclamptic and normal pregnancies of similar gestational age to quantify differences in levels of various hormones. We will evaluate associations of several maternal, perinatal and pregnancy factors, such as maternal age and birth weight, with hormone levels in normal pregnancies. In addition, we will determine how well maternal levels represent levels in cord blood. 00043 - Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from 75 pregnancies in Boston, MA and 175 in Shanghai, China. Pregnancy hormone concentrations will be determined and correlated with putative breast cancer risk factors.