Defining the viral PTMome: Towards the development of novel antiviral approaches

项目总结 在过去的几十年里，对抗病毒感染的传统方法 疾病一直以病毒本身为靶标，在大多数情况下，要么通过阻止病毒编码 病毒复制所需的酶，或阻止病毒进入宿主细胞。 这些方法的主要警告之一是病毒容易变异的能力。 从而对这些经典的抗病毒疗法产生抵抗力。事实上，这是一种 RNA病毒感染的治疗面临严重问题，如艾滋病毒或流感病毒，这些病毒是 已知会迅速变异，从而逃脱抗病毒药物的治疗。此外，传统的抗病毒药物 方法是针对特定病毒而设计的，因此对任何新的 未来可能出现的病毒，而且不可能预测下一次会导致什么病毒 暴发或大流行。因此，迫切需要开发针对病毒的新方法。 病原体，这将需要创造性和创新性的研究。 像人类蛋白质一样，病毒蛋白质也会进行翻译后修饰。 (PTMS)在病毒生命周期中的调节和正常运作。在大多数情况下，病毒性PTMS 是由人类酶动态调节的，如激酶/磷酸酶、泛素E3 连接酶/脱泛素酶，或乙酰转移酶/脱乙酰基酶。因此，细胞酶 在控制病毒复制和致病能力方面发挥重要作用。 这项提案的首要目标是全面绘制“病毒PTMome”的图谱，以识别 在病毒复制和致病过程中必不可少的PTMS。我们将结合蛋白质组学 筛选和分子病毒学方法，包括切割-反向遗传学技术 EDGE分子、生化和生物物理研究。这将使我们能够识别和 确定病毒PTM和负责的宿主修饰酶的特征，以及确定 它们在有效的病毒复制和致病机制中的作用。这一强大的方法与 设计和测试化学抑制剂以阻断调节酶的合作研究 关键的病毒PTMS，不仅将为宿主控制病毒提供独特的机制洞察 复制，但也将为开发一系列新兴的抗病毒药物奠定基础 病毒性传染病。

PROJECT SUMMARY Over the past several decades, the traditional approach to combating viral infectious diseases has been to target the virus itself, in most cases by either blocking virus-encoded enzymes that are required for viral replication, or by preventing the virus from entering host cells. One of the major caveats of these approaches has been the ability of the virus to readily mutate and thereby become resistant to these classical types of antiviral therapies. In fact, this is a serious problem for the therapy of RNA virus infections, such as HIV or influenza virus, which are known to rapidly mutate and thereby escape antiviral drugs. Additionally, traditional antiviral approaches are designed to target a specific virus, and therefore are ineffective against any new virus that may emerge in the future, and it is impossible to predict what virus will cause the next outbreak or pandemic. Therefore, there is the urgent need to develop new ways for targeting viral pathogens, which will require creative and innovative research. Like human proteins, viral proteins robustly undergo posttranslational modifications (PTMs) for their regulation and proper functioning in the virus life cycle. In most cases, viral PTMs are dynamically regulated by human enzymes, such as kinases/phosphatases, ubiquitin E3 ligases/deubiquitinating enzymes, or acetyl transferases/deacetylases. Thus, cellular enzymes play an important role in controlling the ability of the virus to replicate and to cause disease. This proposal’s overarching goal is to comprehensively map the ‘viral PTMome’ to identify the PTMs that are essential for virus replication and pathogenesis. We will combine proteomics screens and molecular virology approaches including reverse genetics techniques with cutting- edge molecular, biochemical and biophysical studies. This will allow us to identify and characterize viral PTMs and the responsible host modifying enzymes, as well as to determine their roles for effective viral replication and pathogenesis. This powerful approach, combined with collaborative studies to design and test chemical inhibitors to block the enzymes that regulate critical viral PTMs, will not only provide unique mechanistic insight into host control of virus replication but will also lay the groundwork for developing new antivirals for a range of emerging viral infectious diseases.