Acute effects of sweet flavoring and nicotine in e-cigarettes on brain activity during food decisions

项目总结 电子烟的使用在年轻人中已经变得很普遍。激励启动和维护的一个因素 电子烟使用的价值在于它在体重管理方面的感知价值。尤其是在那些有 超重和肥胖。然而，电子烟对食欲的实际影响还没有得到很好的表征。 在拟议的工作中，我们将检查两种可能相关的常见电子液体成分的影响：1) 甜味，2)尼古丁含量。通过USC-TCORS的活跃研究参与者数据库， 我们将招募32名体重指数在超重或肥胖范围内的年轻成年电子烟使用者。 参与者将完成一次基线测试，然后进行四次神经成像测试，每一次测试都在一夜之后 禁食任何尼古丁产品。在每个神经成像课程中，参与者将完成30- 测试前的最小蒸发方案。会话的电子液体的含量将根据2X2的不同而不同 设计不同的味道(甜味+/甜味-)和尼古丁含量(NIC+/NIC-)，在蒸发后，参与者将 进行功能磁共振成像(FMRI)。在成像过程中，参与者将在以下位置完成任务 他们有机会以真正的价格购买可用的食物(一半是甜的，一半是可口的)，还有 扫描后立即消费的可能性(食品投标任务)。在过去使用此任务时，我们已经 货币出价和MR-Signal(神经活动的标志)大脑区域显示减少 口服非营养甜味剂后的食欲(无营养的甜味)。主要基于 在过去对香烟烟雾的研究中，我们预计尼古丁将与活动的减弱有关。 在做出食物决定的过程中，大脑中与食欲有关的区域，以及减少的金钱出价。可能的影响 甜味的味道不太清楚，因为两种感官特有的饱腹感(对类似口味的胃口的减弱) 食物)和特定于感官的食欲(对味道相似的食物的食欲增加) 香气和口感不需要饮用就能体验到。参与者还将使用以下工具完成静息状态扫描 动脉自旋标记(ASL)以量化研究变量对整个脑血流灌注的任何一般影响 大脑。拟议的工作利用了电子烟使用(Tackett)、CNS监管方面的多项PI专业知识 食欲(佩奇)和决策神经科学(蒙特罗索)。调查结果将为以下方面提供重要信息 了解电子烟的使用和胃口之间的联系。

PROJECT SUMMARY Use of e-cigarettes has become widespread in young adults. One factor motivating initiation and maintenance of e-cigarette use is its perceived value in weight management. This is especially true among those with overweight and obesity. However, the actual effects of e-cigarette use on appetite are not well characterized. In the proposed work we will examine the impact of two common e-liquid constituents that may be relevant: 1) sweet flavoring, and 2) nicotine content. Through THE USC-TCORS database of active research participants, we will enroll thirty-two young adult daily e-cigarette users with BMI in the overweight or obese range. Participants will complete a baseline session followed by four neuroimaging test-sessions, each after overnight fast and abstinence from any nicotine products. At each neuroimaging session, participants will complete a 30- min vaping protocol prior to testing. The content of the e-liquid for sessions will vary according to a 2 X 2 design varying flavor (Sweet+/Sweet-) and nicotine content (Nic+/Nic-), Subsequent to vaping, participants will undergo functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). During imaging participants will complete a task in which they have the opportunity to bid real money on available food (half sweet and half savory), with the possibility of consumption immediately following scanning (Food Bid Task). In past use of this task, we have shown reduction in monetary bids and in MR-signal (a marker of neural activity) within brain regions linked to appetite following oral consumption of non-nutritive sweetener (sweet taste without nutrients). Based primarily on past work with cigarette smoke, we anticipate that nicotine will be associated with attenuation of activity within brain regions linked to appetite during food decisions, and with reduced monetary bids. Possible effects of sweet flavor are less clear, since both sensory-specific satiety (attenuation of appetite for similarly flavored foods) and sensory-specific appetite (increased appetite for similarly flavored foods) have been reported when aroma and taste is experienced without consumption. Participants will also complete a resting state scan using Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) to quantify any general effects of study variables on perfusion throughout the brain. The proposed work leverages the multiple PIs expertise in e-cigarette use (Tackett), CNS regulation of appetite (Page) and decision neuroscience (Monterosso). Findings will provide essential information for understanding the connection between e-cigarette use and appetite.