Effect of anticipated delay on neural response to signal of future reward

预期延迟对未来奖励信号的神经反应的影响

• 批准号: 7658304
• 负责人: John R Monterosso
• 金额: $ 34.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7658304
• 关键词: Addictive Behavior; Age; Area; Behavior assessment; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cigarette Smoker; Clinical; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Decision Making; Dependence; Disease; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Emotional; Exhibits; Expectancy; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Impulsivity; Incentives; Individual; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Measures; Methods; Nicotine; Nicotine Dependence; Participant; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Process; Recruitment Activity; Reliance; Research; Research Subjects; Rewards; Risk Factors; Role; Severities; Signal Transduction; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Specific qualifier value; Substance abuse problem; Time; Variant; Ventral Striatum; Work; addiction; base; cigarette smoking; clinically significant; discount; discounting; drug abuser; imaging probe; indexing; neural recruitment; non-smoker; novel; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; restraint; therapeutic target

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A major challenge in developing treatments for drug abuse disorders, including nicotine dependence, derives from the fact that the desirable effects of drugs are immediate, and often outweigh their aversive effects, which are predominantly delayed. The decrease in preference for a reward as a function of its delay ("delay discounting") is one conceptualization of impulsivity. Delay discounting is assessed based on preference between larger-later and smaller-sooner alternatives. Numerous demonstrations of high delay discounting in drug abusers suggest that high discounting may be a risk-factor for drug abuse disorders. It is not known, however, whether abnormalities in discounting directly reflect abnormalities in valuation of delayed rewards, or rather abnormalities in decision-making processes engaged during delay-reward tradeoffs. A group of 60 cigarette smokers and another of 40 nonsmoker comparison subjects will complete a battery of behavioral assessments related to impulsivity, and will participate in two fMRI probe task. In the first task ("Choice Delay Discounting Task"), participants will choose between smaller-sooner and larger-later monetary rewards according to an established procedure in which each individual is given choices tailored to their predetermined level of delay discounting (Monterosso et al, 2007). In the second task ("Incentive Delay Task"), participants win rewards that vary in amount and delay. Previous work (Knutson et al, 2001) indicates that the increase in signal measured in the ventral striatum during anticipation of reward is related to reward size, and our pilot work indicates that the same is true with respect to reward immediacy. The two tasks will allow us to measure: 1) the direct effect of delay on valuation of rewards as indexed by responses in the ventral striatum, and 2) brain activity recruited during decision-making during delay-amount tradeoffs. We will compare data from both assessments in smokers and nonsmokers to determine the contributions of valuation and of decision-making to the abnormal delay discounting exhibited by cigarette smokers. Relevance: Substance abuse exacts an enormous toll on the public heath, with cigarette smoking contributing to >400,000 deaths per year in the US. Abnormal delay discounting appears to be an important factor. We will disassociate the roles that valuation and decision-making play in the phenomenon, and relate each to clinical characteristics of smokers, thereby identifying better informed therapeutic targets. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Cigarette smoking contributing to >400,000 deaths per year in the US, and research indicates that smoking is associated with difficulty delaying gratification. The proposed research uses brain imaging to examine the basis of smokers' deficits in delay of gratification, which can then be targeted in treatment.

描述（由申请人提供）：开发药物滥用疾病（包括尼古丁依赖）治疗方法的主要挑战来自于药物的理想作用是即时的，并且通常超过其主要延迟的不良作用。对奖励的偏好随着延迟而降低（“延迟折扣”）是冲动性的一个概念。延迟折扣是根据较大-较晚和较小-较早的选择之间的偏好进行评估的。许多药物滥用者的高延迟折扣的证明表明，高折扣可能是药物滥用障碍的一个风险因素。然而，目前尚不清楚贴现的异常是否直接反映了延迟回报估值的异常，或者更确切地说，反映了延迟-回报权衡过程中决策过程的异常。一组60名吸烟者和另一组40名非吸烟者的对照受试者将完成一系列与冲动性相关的行为评估，并将参与两个fMRI探测任务。在第一个任务（“选择延迟折扣任务”）中，参与者将根据既定程序在较小-较早和较大-较晚的货币奖励之间进行选择，其中每个人都可以根据他们预先确定的延迟折扣水平进行选择（Monterosso等人，2007）。在第二个任务（“奖励延迟任务”）中，参与者赢得金额和延迟不同的奖励。以前的工作（Knutson et al，2001）表明，在预期奖励期间，腹侧纹状体中测量到的信号增加与奖励大小有关，我们的试点工作表明，奖励即时性也是如此。这两项任务将使我们能够测量：1）延迟对腹侧纹状体反应所指示的奖励评估的直接影响，以及2）在延迟-数量权衡期间决策过程中招募的大脑活动。我们将比较吸烟者和非吸烟者的评估数据，以确定评估和决策对吸烟者表现出的异常延迟折扣的贡献。相关性：药物滥用对公众健康造成巨大损失，在美国，吸烟每年导致超过40万人死亡。异常延迟折扣似乎是一个重要因素。我们将把评估和决策在这一现象中所起的作用分开，并将其与吸烟者的临床特征联系起来，从而确定更好的治疗目标。公共卫生相关性：在美国，吸烟每年导致超过40万人死亡，研究表明吸烟与难以延迟满足感有关。这项拟议中的研究使用大脑成像技术来检查吸烟者延迟满足的缺陷的基础，然后可以在治疗中有针对性。